Figure 4.

Risk profiles and demand projections for energy transition metals: (a) environmental, social and governance risk matrix ranked by total score, defined as the sum of the scores for the seven dimensions (first seven columns); (b) breakdown of total risk scores by resource tonnage where colors correspond to risk levels; (c) projected demand associated with growth in low-carbon energy technologies for considered metals, as a fraction of current global production; (d) approximate mined ore tonnage corresponding to specified demand [29].