Figure 10.

Materials for electric traction motor: (a) GM EV motor with Ultium rotor equipped with permanent magnet [57]; (b) rare earth elements found in natural deposits—the “lanthanides” plus yttrium, data from [58]; (c) world mine production of rare earth elements in 2021, expressed in metric tons of oxides, data from [26]; (d) estimated global demand for neodymium, praseodymium, dysprosium and terbium for wind turbine generators, motors for electric vehicles and other sectors, according to low- and high-demand scenarios [59].