Table 3.
Extraction techniques used for successful lead explant.
| Step | Total | ICD | non-ICD | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Step 1: Manual traction | 100% (n = 667) | 100% (n = 405) | 100% (n = 262) | N/A |
| Use of regular stylet | 28.2% (n = 188) | 27.9% (n = 113) | 28.6% (n = 75) | 0.860 |
| Use of locking stylet | 26.1% (n = 174) | 26.9% (n = 109) | 24.8% (n = 65) | 0.588 |
| Complete retrieval (step 1) | 35.7% (n = 238) | 22.5% (n = 91) | 56.1% (n = 147) | <0.001 |
| Step 2: Non-powered dilator sheath | 2.4% (n = 16) | 3.0% (n = 12) | 1.5% (n = 4) | 0.305 |
| Complete retrieval (steps 1–2) | 37.3% (n = 249) | 24.7% (n = 100) | 56.9% (n = 149) | <0.001 |
| Step 3: Powered sheaths | 59.2% (n = 395) | 73.3% (n = 297) | 37.4% (n = 98) | <0.001 |
| Use of Mechanical sheaths | 58.9% (n = 393) | 73.3% (n = 297) | 36.6% (n = 96) | <0.001 |
| TightRail, Spectanetrics | 6.1% (n = 41) | 6.2% (n = 25) | 6.1% (n = 16) | 1.000 |
| Evolution RL, Cook Medical | 58.3% (n = 389) | 72.6% (n = 294) | 36.3% (n = 95) | <0.001 |
| Use of Laser sheaths—SLS II, Spectanetrics | 27.0% (n = 180) | 33.3% (n = 135) | 17.2% (n = 45) | <0.001 |
| Complete retrieval (steps 1–3) | 84.6% (n = 564) | 84.7% (n = 343) | 84.4% (n = 221) | 1.000 |
| Step 4: Snare | 11.8% (n = 79) | 12.6% (n = 51) | 10.7% (n = 28) | 0.540 |
| Complete retrieval (steps 1–4) | 94.8% (n = 632) | 95.8% (n = 388) | 93.1% (n = 244) | 0.286 |
| Other approaches | 0.3% (n = 2) | 0.2% (n = 1) | 0.4% (n = 1) | 1.000 |
| Surgical removal | 0.1% (n = 1) | 0.0% (n = 0) | 0.4% (n = 1) | 0.391 |
| Primary abandoning | 0.1% (n = 1) | 0.2% (n = 1) | 0.0% (n = 0) | 1.000 |
| Complete retrieval | 50.0% (n = 1) | 0.0% (n = 0) | 100.0% (n = 1) | 1.000 |
| Overall success | ||||
| Complete removal | 94.9% (n = 633) | 95.8% (n = 388) | 93.5% (n = 245) | 0.369 |
| Clinical success | 99.0% (n = 660) | 98.8% (n = 400) | 99.2% (n = 260) | 0.256 |
| Lead abandoned/failed TLE | 1.0% (n = 7) | 1.2% (n = 5) | 0.8% (n = 2) | 0.256 |
| Complications | 4.0% (n = 27) | 4.7% (n = 19) | 3.1% (n = 8) | 0.421 |
| Major intraprocedural complication | 0.7% (n = 5) | 0.7% (n = 3) | 0.8% (n = 2) | 1.000 |
| Any intraprocedural complication | 2.1% (n = 14) | 2.2% (n = 9) | 1.9% (n = 5) | 1.000 |
| Intraprocedural death | 0.1% (n = 1) | 0.2% (n = 1) | 0% (n = 0) | 1.000 |
| Postprocedural complication | 1.9% (n = 13) | 2.5% (n = 10) | 1.1% (n = 3) | 0.267 |
| Postprocedural death | 0.1% (n = 1) | 0.2% (n = 1) | 0% (n = 0) | 1.000 |
TLE: transvenous lead extraction.