Table 4.
Univariable and Multivariable Analysis of Community-Based Survey (N = 10 320), Showing Factors Associated With Being Sputum Culture Positive (n = 58)
| Univariable Analysis | Multivariable Analysis | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | No. Sputum Culture Positive/No. Total Participants (%) | OR (95% CI) | P | Weighteda OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | Weighteda OR (95% CI) | P |
| Sex | |||||||||
| Female | 30/7049 (0.4) | … | … | … | … | ||||
| Male | 28/3271 (0.9) | 2.0 (1.2–3.4) | .008 | 1.8 (1.3–2.7) | .002 | 2.4 (1.4–4.0) | .001 | 2.2 (1.5–3.3) | <.001 |
| Age | |||||||||
| 15–24 y | 8/2802 (0.3) | … | … | … | … | ||||
| 25–44 y | 19/3189 (0.6) | 2.1 (1.0–5.1) | .08 | 2.8 (1.6–5.2) | <.001 | 1.7 (.7–4.2) | .2 | 2.2 (1.2–4.3) | .011 |
| >44 y | 31/4329 (0.7) | 2.5 (1.2–5.9) | .02 | 3.1 (1.8–5.7) | <.001 | 2.7 (1.3–6.3) | .016 | 3.3 (1.8–6.1) | <.001 |
| HIV status | |||||||||
| Negative | 31/7151 (0.4) | … | … | … | … | ||||
| Positive on ART | 22/2714 (0.8) | 1.9 (1.1–3.2) | .024 | 1.7 (1.1–2.6) | .01 | 2.0 (1.1–3.5) | .022 | 1.8 (1.2–2.8) | .008 |
| Positive not on ART | 4/391 (1.0) | 2.4 (.7–6.0) | .11 | 1.8 (.7–3.7) | .20 | 2.7 (.8–7.0) | .077 | 2.0 (.8–4.2) | .080 |
| MUAC | |||||||||
| ≥24 cm | 44/9379 (0.5) | … | … | … | … | ||||
| <24 cm | 14/941 (1.0) | 3.2 (1.7–5.7) | <.001 | 3.6 (2.3–5.4) | <.001 | … | … | ||
| TB symptoms | … | ||||||||
| None reported | 45/9229 (0.5) | … | … | ||||||
| Reported 1 symptom | 5/717 (0.7) | 1.4 (.5–3.3) | .4 | 1.3 (.6–2.5) | .5 | … | … | ||
| Reported >1 symptom | 8/374 (2.1) | 4.5 (1.9–9.0) | <.001 | 6.1 (3.6–9.7) | <.001 | … | … | ||
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; CI, confidence interval; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; MUAC, midupper arm circumference; OR, odds ratio; TB, tuberculosis.
Weights calculated as the inverse probability of participation in the community survey based on age, sex, and previous HIV status.