Table 3.

Effects of isoflavones on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women in large, long-term clinical trials.

First author, year	Location	Isoflavone dose (mg/d)a	Duration (years)	(N)	Effects on hip and spine BMD
Marini et al. (237, 238)	Italy	54b	2,3c	389	Statistically significant increase
Alekel et al. (234)	USA	80 and 120	3	208	No statistically significant effects
Levis et al. (236)	USA	200	2	248	No statistically significant effects
Tai et al. (235)	Taiwan	300	2	416	No statistically significant effects

^aAglycone equivalent weight ^bGenistein aglycone ^cOsteopenic women, half of the initial participants continued for a third year. BMD, bone mineral density.