Figure 5.

Hypoxia, propionate, and dynamic ECS increased SD speed principally through α_ECS reduction. A, Radial K⁺ wave position over time during SD in perfused (Movie 1), hypoxic, HSD (Movie 2), propionate conditions, and with dynamic changes in ${\text{α}}_{\text{ECS}}$. Hypoxia, propionate, and dynamic changes in α_ECS facilitated propagation. B, Radial position of SD wave represented by time to first spike in 126 selected cells at different distances from center. C, K⁺ wave speeds with individual parameter changes (Fig. 2). α_ECS had the greatest impact on SD speed over a physiologically plausible range (x-axis ranges: [O₂] = 0.01–0.1 mm; α_ECS = 0.07–0.42; λ_ECS = 1.4–2.0; [Cl^–]_ECS:[Cl^–]_I = 3.0:65.0–6.0:130.0 mm).