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. 2022 Aug 25;12:14482. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-18341-2

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Kaplan–Meier plots for local tumor recurrence-free survival, overall recurrence-free survival and progression free survival after TACE according to metformin therapy. Local and overall recurrent-free survivals were analyzed in patients with complete response after initial TACE (A and B; n = 90), and the progression-free survival was calculated in overall patients (C; n = 163). The metformin group showed a significantly reduced local recurrence rate than the control group (A), but the overall recurrence was not different between the two groups (B). Progression-free survival was not different between control and metformin group, either (C). DM without metformin, patients with T2DM not treated with metformin; DM with metformin, patients with T2DM treated with metformin. HCC hepatocellular carcinoma, DM diabetes mellitus.