Table 3.

Unadjusted and adjusted logistic models of COVID-19 testing hesitancy.

Variable	COVID-19 testing hesitancy—wave 4		COVID-19 testing hesitancy—wave 5		COVID-19 testing hesitancy—wave 6		COVID-19 testing hesitancy—wave 7
	OR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)
Age	0.98 (0.95, 1.00)	0.98 (0.95, 1.00)	0.98 (0.96, 1.00)	0.97 (0.95, 1.00)	0.97 (0.95, 0.99)	0.97 (0.95, 1.00)	0.96 (0.94, 0.99)	0.97 (0.94, 0.99)
Sex (ref: male)	0.84 (0.52, 1.36)	0.95 (0.57, 1.58)	0.68 (0.42, 1.10)	0.77 (0.46, 1.28)	0.51 (0.32, 0.81)	0.55 (0.34, 0.90)	0.75 (0.46, 1.23)	0.85 (0.50, 1.43)
Race (ref: white)
Black	1.63 (0.63, 4.20)	1.52 (0.57, 4.06)	0.73 (0.24, 2.23)	0.68 (0.21, 2.18)	1.27 (0.50, 3.26)	1.23 (0.46, 3.32)	1.53 (0.57, 4.10)	1.49 (0.53, 4.17)
Other	1.40 (0.67, 2.89)	1.27 (0.59, 2.77)	1.48 (0.73, 3.03)	1.50 (0.69, 3.25)	1.53 (0.77, 3.04)	1.41 (0.66, 2.98)	2.29 (1.14, 4.61)	2.03 (0.96, 4.28)
Education (ref: some college or less)	0.85 (0.52, 1.39)	0.99 (0.58, 1.71)	0.88 (0.54, 1.42)	0.81 (0.47, 1.41)	0.86 (0.54, 1.37)	0.79 (0.47, 1.34)	0.94 (0.57, 1.55)	0.93 (0.53, 1.62)
Income (ref: $60,000 or less)	0.63 (0.39, 1.04)	0.53 (0.30, 0.91)	1.14 (0.70, 1.84)	1.01 (0.58, 1.74)	1.09 (0.69, 1.72)	1.03 (0.61, 1.74)	0.80 (0.48, 1.31)	0.77 (0.44, 1.34)
Political orientation	1.20 (1.05, 1.38)	1.28 (1.10, 1.49)	1.31 (1.14, 1.51)	1.35 (1.16, 1.57)	1.27 (1.11, 1.45)	1.33 (1.14, 1.53)	1.10 (0.96, 1.27)	1.17 (1.00, 1.37)
COVID-19 Stigma—wave 4	1.29 (1.02, 1.64)	1.23 (0.96, 1.58)	–	–	–	–	–	–
COVID-19 Stigma—wave 5	–	–	1.42 (1.13, 1.79)	1.37 (1.07, 1.74)	–	–	–	–
COVID-19 Stigma—wave 6	–	–	–	–	1.46 (1.15, 1.85)	1.45 (1.13, 1.87)	–	–
COVID-19 Stigma—wave 7	–	–	–	–	–	–	1.43 (1.09, 1.87)	1.38 (1.04, 1.83)

aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.

Bold values represent P-value ≤0.05.