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. 2022 Aug 25;12:14533. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-18330-5

Table 4.

Effect of the dietary supplementation (6 kg/T) with glutamate and glutamine in different ratio on the intestinal morphology of piglets at 8- and 21-days post-weaning.

Item Diet SEM P-value Contrasts
CO 100Glu 75Glu
 + 25Gln		 50Glu
 + 50Gln		 25Glu
 + 75Gln		 100Gln Diet Linear Quadratic CO vs AAs
additions		 100Glu
vs mixed
addition		 100Gln
vs mixed
addition
Day 8
Duodenum
Villus height, (µm) 402 398 415 421 457 387 42.95 0.990 0.773 0.518 0.783 0.512 0.381
Villus width, (µm) 122 115 106 112 118 120 9.69 0.816 0.946 0.189 0.441 0.751 0.411
Crypt depth, (µm) 334 342 307 322 336 338 37.32 0.988 0.592 0.917 0.772 0.655 0.637
Duodenal glands, N 160 127 109 140 127 196 30.48 0.423 0.888 0.048 0.771 0.655 0.048
Jejunum
Villus height, (µm) 325 313 323 357 278 316 32.2 0.582 0.665 0.710 0.820 0.862 0.920
Villus width, (µm) 113.5 95.6 94.5 121.2 107.6 93.1 9.17 0.286 0.660 0.720 0.341 0.334 0.220
Crypt depth, (µm) 224 253 287 227 210 217 37.28 0.711 0.464 0.337 0.723 0.786 0.551
Goblet cells, N 16.5a 17.1ab 25.2ab 34.1b 28.8ab 27.3ab 6.73 0.356 0.110 0.280 0.169 0.123 0.787
Ileum
Villus height, (µm) 243 286 235 255 236 249 23.28 0.609 0.609 0.913 0.733 0.097 0.797
Villus width, (µm) 104 82.8 91.9 107 88.2 86.4 8.39 0.173 0.425 0.829 0.079 0.189 0.313
Crypt depth, (µm) 209 249 243 221 213 193 24.98 0.544 0.325 0.167 0.597 0.406 0.244
Goblet cells, N 19.5 19.6 25.7 33.7 32.1 34.3 8.35 0.615 0.090 0.784 0.314 0.247 0.682
Day 21
Duodenum
Villus height, (µm) 539 523 564 499 553 512 34.53 0.707 0 .712 0.813 0.794 0.679 0.560
Villus width, (µm) 157 135 133 138 141 141 14.43 0.882 0.697 0.384 0.236 0.900 0.854
Crypt depth, (µm) 344 292 338 340 343 427 36.78 0.374 0.110 0.135 0.915 0.238 0.083
Duodenal glands, N 173 148 186 173 191 155 22.58 0.73 0.180 0.135 0.915 0.238 0.289
Jejunum
Villus height, (µm) 417 361 387 399 414 368 29.98 0.642 0.776 0.973 0.293 0.251 0.394
Villus width, (µm) 107.8a 98.1ab 111.4b 100.7ab 92.5ab 110.8ab 6.34 0.272 0.815 0.345 0.414 0.630 0.243
Crypt depth, (µm) 261 250 277 252 218 279 25.42 0.647 0.872 0.615 0.814 0.962 0.351
Goblet cells, N 25.2 23.5 29.2 28.1 35 22 5.98 0.688 0.825 0.603 0.687 0.279 0.240
Ileum
Villus height, (µm) 306 324 319 260 331 329 22.98 0.196 0.681 0.318 0.771 0.429 0.369
Villus width, (µm) 103 113 105 108 104 102 7.47 0.912 0.647 0.507 0.653 0.399 0.689
Crypt depth, (µm) 232 216 258 210 216 224 19.1 0.471 0.600 0.879 0.718 0.565 0.861
Goblet cells, N 21.6 28.4 19 27.5 28.8 19.6 4.95 0.548 0.999 0.404 0.528 0.549 0.382

Diet1 CO = standard diet; 100Glu = CO plus 6 kg/Ton Glu; 75Glu + 25Gln = CO plus 4.5 kg/Ton Glu and 1.5 kg/Ton Gln; 50Glu + 50Gln = CO plus 3 kg/Ton Glu plus 3 kg/Ton Gln; 25Glu + 75Gln = CO plus 1.5 kg/Ton Glu and 4.5 kg/Ton Gln; 100Gln = CO plus 6 kg/Ton Gln. Significant values are in bold.