Fig. 1.

Fecal microbiota transfer (FMT) of human R donor stool enhances response to anti-PD-L1 treatment compared to human NR stool in syngeneic tumor-bearing germ-free (GF) mice. (a) Experimental schema for B16F10 and MC38 syngeneic GF mouse models: GF mice were given oral gavage of 4% w/v human stool on D-14, subcutaneous syngeneic tumor injections on D0, and isotype or 5 mg/kg anti-PD-L1 injections beginning on D10 and (b) tumors volumes at the end of experiment, either D19 (B16F10) or D21-22 (MC38). Graphs represent an aggregate of 3–4 individual experiments per cell line with each point representing a single mouse. (c) Data in B separated by sex of the mice. Mean and SD are shown. Statistical comparisons were performed using Mann–Whitney U Test: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001