Table 1.

Sources of hospital-based addiction care models

Model	Published literature	Gray literature	Key informant interview
Addiction consult models
Interprofessional addiction consult service	Reports with multiple ACS sites21–25 Boston Medical Center26–31 Massachusetts General Hospital 14,32–35 New York City Hospital + Health Systems36 Oregon Health & Science University7,8,10,11,12,13,15,37–42 Rush (Chicago) SUIT43–45 University of California San Francisco46 University of Colorado47 University of Maryland48–50 Yale University51 Unspecified site52,53	Allegheny Health Network54	✓
Psychiatry consult liaison service	Brigham and Women’s Hospital (Boston)55–58 Montefiore (Bronx)59,60 University of California Davis61 University of California Los Angeles62 University of Hawaii63 University of Minnesota64 University of Texas San Antonio65 Yale University66 York Hospital, PA67 Unspecified site62,68	Brigham and Women’s Hospital (Boston)69	✓
Individual consultant	Aurora St. Luke’s, Milwaukee70 Harborview, Seattle71,72 University of Alabama at Birmingham73–75 University of Kentucky76,77 Washington University St Louis78–80 University of Wisconsin81		✓
Practice-based models
Hospital-based opioid treatment (HBOT)	CA Bridge (multiple hospitals)82 Concord, NH83 BI Deaconess, Boston84 Duke University85 Johns Hopkins86 Lehigh Valley87 Maryland88 Rutgers89 University of California San Francisco90 University of Louisville91 University of Miami92 University of Texas at Austin93,94	CA Bridge (multiple hospitals)95	✓
Hospital-based alcohol treatment	University of California San Francisco96		✓
In-reach models
Community-based in-reach	Boston Medical Center97	Boulder Care98	✓
Multiple model types
	N/A99,100