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. 2022 Aug 25;13:5010. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-32742-x

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a Scheme of experiments and a representative sagittal image for ChR2-eYFP expression in the subiculum (SUB) and light stimulation in the anterior nucleus of thalamus (ANT). LPMR, lateral posterior thalamic nucleus, mediorostral part. AD, anterodorsal thalamic nucleus; AV, anteroventral thalamic nucleus; AM, anteromedial thalamic nucleus; D3V, dorsal 3rd ventricle. Scale bar, 100 μm. b Effects of optogenetic activation of SUB-ANT circuit on the development of seizure stage and after-discharge durations (ADD). Two-way repeated measures ANOVA, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. c Number of stimulations needed to reach secondary generalized seizure (sGS). Unpaired t-test, *P < 0.05. Effects of optogenetic activation of SUB-ANT circuit on seizure stage (d), ADD (e), and GS durations (GSD, f) during sGS expression. Friedman with post hoc Dunn’s test for seizure stage. One-way repeated measures ANOVA with post hoc Dunnett’s test for ADD and GSD, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 compared to Pre, #P < 0.05, ###P < 0.001 compared to Post. g Spectral analysis of sGS EEG power (0–100 Hz) of the CA3. Paired t-test, *P < 0.05. h Representative CA3 EEGs and power spectrogram during sGSs. i Scheme of experiments and a representative sagittal image for Arch-eGFP expression in the subiculum and light stimulation in the ANT. Scale bar, 100 μm. j Effects of optogenetic inhibition of SUB-ANT circuit on the development of seizure stage and ADD. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA, **P < 0.01, ****P < 0.0001. k Number of stimulations needed to reach sGS. Unpaired t-test, ***P < 0.001. Effects of optogenetic inhibition of SUB-ANT circuit on seizure stage (l), ADD (m), and GSD (n) during sGS expression. Friedman with post hoc Dunn’s test for seizure stage. **P < 0.01 compared to Pre, ###P < 0.001 compared to Post. One-way repeated measures ANOVA with post hoc Dunnett’s test for ADD and GSD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 compared to Pre, ## P < 0.01 compared to Post. o Spectral analysis of sGS EEG power (0–100 Hz) of the CA3. Paired t-test, *P < 0.05. p Representative CA3 EEGs and power spectrogram during sGSs. The number of mice used in each group is indicated in figure. Data are presented as means ± SEM.