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. 2022 Aug 25;13:5010. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-32742-x

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a Scheme of CTB injection in the anterior nucleus of thalamus (ANT) and entorhinal cortex (EC). b Representative images of CTB injection areas in the ANT and EC. Scale bar, 100 μm. c Representative images show somata locations of CTB-555 and CTB-647 in the subiculum (SUB) along the anterior-posterior axis. The number in the bottom indicated the approximate position to the bregma. Scale bar, 100 μm. d Quantification of CTB-555 and CTB-647 somata in the SUB, corresponding to bregma positions in (c). e Scheme of CaMKIIα-cre mouse injected with AAV-DIO-Ef1α-Axon-GCaMP6(s) and fiber photometry in the ANT and EC. f Left, representative coronal images of virus injection in the SUB and optical cannula placements in the ANT and EC in a CaMKIIα-cre mouse injected with AAV-DIO-Ef1α-Axon-GCaMP6(s). Right, the overlap between GCaMP6(s) and CaMKII⁺ neurons in the SUB. Scale bar, 25 μm for the upper right images and 100 μm for the rest. g Typical hippocampal EEG of a mouse with focal seizure (FS), corresponding to h and i, the black bar indicated kindling stimulation period, also applied to h–j, k, m. h, i Average calcium signals (shown in ΔF/F) in the ANT and EC during FSs. j Typical hippocampal EEG of a mouse with secondary generalized seizures (sGS), corresponding to k and m. k Average calcium signals (shown in ΔF/F) in the ANT during sGSs. 3 trials for each mouse. l Heatmaps corresponding to the average calcium signals in the ANT during sGSs. m Average calcium signals (shown in ΔF/F) in the EC during sGSs. 3 trials for each mouse. n Heatmaps corresponding to the average calcium signals in the EC during sGSs. The number of mice used in each group is indicated in the figure. Data are presented as means ± SEM.