Table 6.
Changes in psychological score before/after intervention.
| Psychological scales | Early-chronic | Late-chronic | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre | Post | p | R with nAP | Pre | Post | p | R with nAP | |
| Controls | ||||||||
| PCS | 41.4 (± 5.91) | 40.0 (± 4.66) | 0.70 | − 0.11 | 46.1 (± 8.31) | 44.4 (± 8.10) | 0.69 | − 0.13 |
| PSEQ | 21.9 (± 6.01) | 19.6 (± 7.73) | 0.69 | 0.13 | 16.7 (± 7.62) | 15.4 (± 7.95) | 0.72 | 0.16 |
| HADS (depression) | 8.6 (± 1.87) | 9.0 (± 2.30) | 0.71 | − 0.02 | 10.2 (± 2.00) | 10.0 (± 2.65) | 0.81 | − 0.03 |
| HADS (anxiety) | 9.3 (± 2.11) | 10.0 (± 3.74) | 0.67 | − 0.09 | 11.3 (± 3.68) | 10.2 (± 3.11) | 0.32 | − 0.12 |
| CBTs | ||||||||
| PCS | 38.0 (± 7.06) | 28.3 (± 8.89) | 0.00** | − 0.71 | 42.6 (± 9.31) | 39.0 (± 9.80) | 0.06 | − 0.49 |
| PSEQ | 16.7 (± 4.33) | 25.7 (± 8.91) | 0.00** | 0.87 | 13.9 (± 6.96) | 18.3 (± 4.77) | 0.04* | 0.84 |
| HADS (depression) | 10.0 (± 2.37) | 6.4 (± 1.93) | 0.04* | − 0.89 | 9.7 (± 3.12) | 9.0 (± 1.22) | 0.34 | − 0.59 |
| HADS (anxiety) | 8.8 (± 1.55) | 8.0 (± 1.42) | 0.71 | − 0.19 | 9.0 (± 2.76) | 8.5 (± 1.99) | 0.67 | − 0.18 |
| Exercises | ||||||||
| PCS | 41.9 (± 6.66) | 30.2 (± 6.78) | 0.04* | − 0.90 | 42.5 (± 10.27) | 36.3 (± 5.48) | 0.05 | − 0.88 |
| PSEQ | 24.0 (± 7.29) | 31.1 (± 6.73) | 0.03* | 0.88 | 20.0 (± 8.11) | 25.6 (± 4.88) | 0.04* | 0.82 |
| HADS (depression) | 7.9 (± 2.17) | 5.4 (± 2.03) | 0.04* | − 0.69 | 11.2 (± 2.03) | 10.3 (± 1.09) | 0.32 | − 0.32 |
| HADS (anxiety) | 9.9 (± 1.98) | 9.0 (± 2.02) | 0.46 | − 0.01 | 10.0 (± 3.16) | 9.9 (± 2.53) | 0.72 | − 0.10 |
| NFTs | ||||||||
| PCS | 36.0 (± 5.17) | 39.1 (± 6.33) | 0.54 | − 0.15 | 39.9 (± 7.77) | 39.1 (± 4.10) | 0.80 | − 0.08 |
| PSEQ | 22.7 (± 5.41) | 23.1 (± 3.30) | 0.66 | 0.03 | 16.7 (± 4.50) | 16.1 (± 4.11) | 0.81 | 0.02 |
| HADS (depression) | 10.3 (± 1.99) | 10.2 (± 2.88) | 0.71 | − 0.10 | 13.9 (± 3.41) | 12.2 (± 3.02) | 0.76 | − 0.11 |
| HADS (anxiety) | 9.1 (± 1.32) | 7.0 (± 1.93) | 0.19 | − 0.19 | 11.2 (± 4.55) | 11.1 (± 2.99) | 0.84 | − 0.02 |
| CBT-NFTs | ||||||||
| PCS | 43.0 (± 5.16) | 29.2 (± 6.79) | 0.00** | − 0.91 | 45.1 (± 7.21) | 35.1 (± 8.12) | 0.04* | − 0.87 |
| PSEQ | 22.1 (± 8.18) | 30.2 (± 5.72) | 0.00** | 0.82 | 17.6 (± 9.20) | 26.4 (± 4.14) | 0.03* | 0.84 |
| HADS (depression) | 8.9 (± 3.22) | 4.0 (± 1.92) | 0.04* | − 0.78 | 13.9 (± 5.20) | 7.2 (± 3.18) | 0.05* | − 0.81 |
| HADS (anxiety) | 8.5 (± 2.12) | 8.5 (± 1.95) | 0.16 | − 0.01 | 16.3 (± 6.62) | 10.2 (± 3.27) | 0.09 | − 0.73 |
| PT-NFTs | ||||||||
| PCS | 43.1 (± 8.02) | 32.9 (± 7.77) | 0.05* | − 0.72 | 44.2 (± 10.21) | 36.3 (± 10.27) | 0.11 | − 0.54 |
| PSEQ | 18.9 (± 8.55) | 33.9 (± 5.31) | 0.00** | 0.93 | 16.5 (± 7.52) | 25.2 (± 7.22) | 0.04* | 0.65 |
| HADS (depression) | 8.4 (± 2.03) | 7.0 (± 1.64) | 0.12 | − 0.14 | 13.9 (± 6.23) | 10.2 (± 3.58) | 0.23 | − 0.56 |
| HADS (anxiety) | 9.1 (± 1.77) | 9.0 (± 2.07) | 0.56 | − 0.02 | 14.5 (± 4.31) | 14.3 (± 4.01) | 0.61 | − 0.49 |
Significant values are in [bold].
*p < 0.05.
**p < 0.01.