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. 2022 Aug 12;13:906043. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.906043

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Copyright © 2022 Wang, Otkur, Wang, Wang, Lyu, Fang, Shan, Song, Feng, Zhao, Piao, Qi and Liu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Vem-resistant melanoma cells (A375R) were generated, and NCTD displayed potent effect on A375R. (A,B) A375 (A) and A375R (B) were treated with indicated concentrations of Vem for 48 h, cell viability was measured by CCK8 assays. (C) Erk, p-Erk, p-AKT S473, and P-glycoprotein in A375 and A375R were detected by Western blot analysis. (D–H) Cisplatin (D), 5-Fu (E), bufalin (F), IMD-0354 (G), and NCTD (H) were cultured with A375 and A375R for 48 h, and cell viability was measured by CCK8 assays. Data were shown as mean ± SD from three independent experiments, ∗p < 0.05.