Table 4. Association of surgical and postsurgical features with SSI.

Variables	Categories	Patients		p-value
		With SSI (n (%))	Without SSI (n (%))
Surgical trauma	Yes	31 (43.7%)	40 (56.3%)	0.00
	No	9 (14.8%)	52 (85.2%)
Wound irrigation	Saline	12 (36.4%)	21 (63.6%)	0.008
	Povidone solution	3 (13%)	20 (87%)
	Hydrogen peroxide	17 (26.6%)	47 (73.4%)
	None	8 (66.7%)	4 (33.3%)
Suture material	Silk	15 (39.5%)	23 (60.5%)	0.055
	Absorbable	21 (32.8%)	43 (67.2%)
	Antimicrobial	4 (13.3%)	26 (86.7%)
Surgical condition	Malignant	28 (45.2%)	34 (54.8%)	0.00
	Nonmalignant	12 (17.1%)	58 (82.9%)
Bowel preparation	Yes	29 (46.8%)	33 (53.2%)	0.00
	No	11 (15.7%)	59 (84.3%)
Duration of surgery	Less than three hours	7 (10.1%)	62 (89.9%)	0.00
	More than three hours	33 (52.4%)	30 (47.6%)
Intraoperative hypotension	Yes	10 (14.7%)	58 (85.3%)	0.00
	No	30 (46.9%)	34 (53.1%)
Operation site	Small bowel	9 (34.6%)	17 (65.4%)	0.00
	Large bowel	11 (50%)	11 (50%)
	Pancreatic	1 (4.3%)	22 (95.7%)
	Biliary	19 (31.1%)	42 (68.9%)
Drain insertion	Yes	28 (41.8%)	39 (58.2%)	0.00
	No	12 (18.5%)	53 (81.5%)
Incisional protection	Gauze	9 (30%)	21 (70%)	0.791
	Adhesive drapes	4 (21.1%)	15 (78.9%)
	Wedge edge protectors	20 (31.7%)	43 (68.3%)
	None	7 (35%)	13 (65%)
Intraoperative blood loss	No blood loss	10 (34.5%)	19 (65.5%)	0.821
	Less than 500 mL	17 (30.4%)	39 (69.6%)
	More than 500 mL	13 (27.7%)	34 (72.3%)
Duration of postoperative antibiotic	One day	8 (53.3%)	7 (46.7%)	0.082
	2-4 days	10 (38.5%)	16 (61.5%)
	5-7 days	4 (18.2%)	18 (81.8%)
	>7 days	18 (26.1%)	51 (73.9%)
Second antibiotic given	Yes	0 (0%)	22 (100%)	0.001
	No	40 (36.4%)	70 (63.6%)
Hospital stay	Less than seven days	13 (22%)	46 (78%)	0.063
	More than seven days	27 (37%)	46 (63%)