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The production process of TMAO. Red meat, egg, and sausage are rich in choline and carnitine, which are metabolized by the gut flora, such as Anaerococcus hydrogenalis, Clostridium asparagiforme, and Clostridium hathewayi, into trimethylamine (TMA) in the colon, and then oxidized to TMAO in the liver by Flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3).
