TABLE 4.
Drugs that reduce TMAO level.
| Drugs | Results | Mechanism | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ranitidine | Decreased TMAO | Ranitidine and Finasteride inhibit the synthesis and metabolism of TMAO by improving composition of the gut microbiota | Liu et al. (2020) |
| Finasteride | |||
| Meldonium | Decreased the relative ratio of TMA to TMAO | Meldonium doesn’t influence bacterial growth and bacterial uptake of L-carnitine, but TMA production by the gut microbiota bacteria K. pneumoniae was significantly decreased | Kuka et al. (2014) |
| Velasquez et al. (2016) | |||
| Aspirin | Decreased TMAO | Aspirin inhibits the activity of microbial TMA lyase | SL, (2016) |
| Vitamins B vitamin D | Decreased TMAO in plasma | — | Obeid et al. (2017) |