Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants and study outcomes overall and by adolescent motherhood
| Overall N = 1690 n (%) | Non‐mothers N = 666 n (%) | Adolescent mothers N = 1024 n (%) | p‐Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | ||||
| Age | 17.51 (2.54) | 16.39 (3.05) | 18.24 (1.79) | <0.001 |
| HIV status | <0.001 | |||
| Living with HIV | 771 (46) | 480 (72) | 291 (28) | |
| Relationship status | <0.001 | |||
| In a relationship a | 907 (54) | 221 (33) | 686 (67) | |
| Parental monitoring b | 6.88 (8.39) | 5.39 (7.30) | 7.84 (8.90) | <0.001 |
| Rural | 0.1 | |||
| Yes | 459 (27) | 166 (25) | 293 (29) | |
| Informal house | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 312 (18) | 88 (13) | 224 (22) | |
| Household size | 6.15 (2.82) | 5.92 (3.04) | 6.31 (2.66) | 0.005 |
| Maternal orphan | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 493 (29) | 294 (44) | 199 (19) | |
| Paternal orphan | 0.001 | |||
| Yes | 522 (31) | 235 (35) | 287 (28) | |
| Food security | 0.12 | |||
| Yes | 1260 (75) | 510 (77) | 750 (73) | |
| HIV risk behaviours | ||||
| Multiple sexual partners | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 350 (21) | 80 (12) | 270 (26) | |
| Transactional sex | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 100 (6) | 21 (3) | 79 (8) | |
| Age‐disparate sex c | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 283 (17) | 47 (7) | 236 (23) | |
| Condomless sex | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 761 (45) | 90 (14) | 671 (66) | |
| Sex on substances | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 127 (8) | 26 (4) | 101 (10) | |
| Alcohol use | 0.081 | |||
| Yes | 117 (7) | 55 (8) | 62 (6) | |
| Not in education/employment | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 572 (34) | 110 (17) | 462 (45) |
Note: Data are mean (SD) for continuous variables and n (%) for categorical variables.
Abbreviations: HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; SD, standard deviation.
a
Measured as reporting a boyfriend/girlfriend or being married. Among participants in a relationship, 14 were married.
bHigher scores correspond with worse parental monitoring.
c
24 participants are missing information on age‐disparate sex, including five non‐mothers and 19 adolescent mothers.