Table 3.
Multivariate multivariable associations between food security and HIV risk behaviours overall and stratified by adolescent motherhood, and both adolescent motherhood and HIV status
| Multiple sexual partners | Transactional sex | Age‐disparate sex | Condomless sex | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AOR (95% CI) | p‐value | AOR (95% CI) | p‐value | AOR (95% CI) | p‐value | AOR (95% CI) | p‐value | |
| Food security | ||||||||
| Overall | 0.70 (0.52–0.93) | 0.015 | 0.19 (0.12–0.31) | <0.001 | 0.76 (0.56–1.04) | 0.084 | 0.71 (0.53–0.94) | 0.016 |
| Among non‐mothers | 0.45 (0.26–0.78) | 0.073 | 0.32 (0.13–0.82) | 0.23 | 1.60 (0.74–3.50) | 0.037 | 0.63 (0.39–1.03) | 0.597 |
| Among adolescent mothers | 0.81 (0.58–1.14) | 0.17 (0.10–0.28) | 0.66 (0.47–0.92) | 0.74 (0.53–1.03) | ||||
| Among HIV‐uninfected non‐mothers | 0.77 (0.25–2.38) | 0.079 | 0.18 (0.03–1.11) | 0.68 | 3.64 (0.82–16.05) | 0.258 | 0.84 (0.36–1.97) | 0.403 |
| Among non‐mothers living with HIV | 0.36 (0.19–0.68) | 0.40 (0.13–1.20) | 1.08 (0.43–2.71) | 0.54 (0.30–0.99) | ||||
| Among HIV‐uninfected adolescent mothers | 0.67 (0.46–1.00) | 0.11 (0.06–0.21) | 0.70 (0.46–1.06) | 0.72 (0.48–1.07) | ||||
| Among adolescent mothers living with HIV | 1.21 (0.65–2.27) | 0.42 (0.17–1.09) | 0.61 (0.35–1.05) | 0.79 (0.44–1.43) | ||||
| Sex on substances | Alcohol use | Not in education/employment | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AOR (95% CI) | p‐value | AOR (95% CI) | p‐value | AOR (95% CI) | p‐value | |||
| Food security | ||||||||
| Overall | 0.57 (0.37–0.87) | 0.010 | 0.65 (0.42–1.00) | 0.048 | 0.53 (0.41–0.71) | <0.001 | ||
| Among non‐mothers | 0.82 (0.32–2.08) | 0.375 | 1.05 (0.54–2.07) | 0.058 | 0.48 (0.29–0.77) | 0.585 | ||
| Among adolescent mothers | 0.51 (0.32–0.82) | 0.45 (0.25–0.79) | 0.56 (0.40–0.78) | |||||
| Among HIV‐uninfected non‐mothers | 0.98 (0.20–4.86) | 0.773 | 2.32 (0.55–9.70) | 0.419 | 0.35 (0.15–0.83) | 0.983 | ||
| Among non‐mothers living with HIV | 0.73 (0.22–2.41) | 0.75 (0.35–1.61) | 0.55 (0.30–1.00) | |||||
| Among HIV‐uninfected adolescent mothers | 0.51 (0.28–0.91) | 0.51 (0.24–1.07) | 0.51 (0.35–0.73) | |||||
| Among adolescent mothers living with HIV | 0.53 (0.24–1.18) | 0.37 (0.15–0.93) | 0.78 (0.40–1.51) | |||||
Note: n = 1638. For sub‐group analyses, we report Wald test p‐values for the interaction term. Multivariable models adjust for participant socio‐demographic characteristics: HIV status; age; relationship status; parental monitoring; rural/urban household location; informal housing type; number of people living in household; maternal orphanhood; and paternal orphanhood. Clustering of multiple outcomes within individuals is accounted for using the GEE method.
Abbreviations: AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; OR, odds ratio.