TABLE 1.
Characteristics, medical history, presentation and in-hospital adverse events (AEs) of the 176 137 hospitalised patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection in Germany in 2020 stratified for the presence of pulmonary embolism (PE)
| COVID-19 infection without PE | COVID-19 infection with PE | p-value | |
| Patients | 172 775 (98.1) | 3362 (1.9) | |
| Age (years) | 71.0 (55.0–82.0) | 70.0 (59.0–80.0) | 0.219 |
| Age ≥70 years | 92 612 (53.6) | 1717 (51.1) | 0.004* |
| Female | 82 649 (47.8) | 1300 (38.7) | <0.001* |
| In-hospital stay (days) | 8.0 (4.0–14.0) | 12.0 (6.0–21.0) | <0.001* |
| VTE risk factors | |||
| Obesity | 9084 (5.3) | 299 (8.9) | <0.001* |
| Diabetes mellitus | 44 371 (25.7) | 861 (25.6) | 0.935 |
| Thrombophilia | 398 (0.2) | 44 (1.3) | <0.001* |
| Surgery | 46 597 (27.0) | 1398 (41.6) | <0.001* |
| Cancer | 8784 (5.1) | 217 (6.5) | <0.001* |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Coronary artery disease | 25 199 (14.6) | 375 (11.2) | <0.001* |
| Peripheral artery disease | 5554 (3.2) | 86 (2.6) | <0.001* |
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter | 33 595 (19.4) | 565 (16.8) | <0.001* |
| COPD | 11 953 (6.9) | 201 (6.0) | 0.035* |
| Chronic renal insufficiency# | 47 822 (27.7) | 344 (10.2) | <0.001* |
| Essential arterial hypertension | 80 906 (46.8) | 1574 (46.8) | 1.000 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | 4.1 (2.0–6.0) | 4.5 (2.0–6.0) | <0.001* |
| Respiratory manifestations of COVID-19 | |||
| Pneumonia | 104 078 (60.2) | 2835 (84.3) | <0.001* |
| ARDS | 10 834 (6.3) | 760 (22.6) | <0.001* |
| Mild ARDS | 513 (0.3) | 16 (0.5) | <0.001* |
| Moderate ARDS | 2603 (1.5) | 161 (4.8) | <0.001* |
| Severe ARDS | 7337 (4.2) | 575 (17.1) | <0.001* |
| Treatment | |||
| Intensive care unit | 25 728 (14.9) | 1325 (39.4) | <0.001* |
| Mechanical ventilation | 11 504 (6.7) | 638 (19.0) | <0.001* |
| ECMO | 1283 (0.7) | 153 (4.6) | <0.001* |
| Dialysis | 5271 (3.1) | 304 (9.0) | <0.001* |
| Systemic thrombolysis | 285 (0.2) | 173 (5.1) | <0.001* |
| Surgical embolectomy | 0 | 7 (0.2) | <0.001* |
| AEs during hospitalisation | |||
| Transfusion of blood constituents | 13 249 (7.7) | 625 (18.6) | <0.001* |
| Deep vein thrombosis | 1275 (075) | 508 (15.1) | <0.001* |
| Acute kidney failure | 21 296 (12.3) | 779 (23.2) | <0.001* |
| Severe liver disease | 3961 (2.3) | 178 (5.3) | <0.001* |
| Myocarditis | 217 (0.1) | 9 (0.3) | 0.044* |
| Stroke (ischaemic or haemorrhagic) | 3068 (1.8) | 128 (3.8) | <0.001* |
| Intracerebral bleeding | 535 (0.3) | 41 (1.2) | <0.001* |
| Gastrointestinal bleeding | 2869 (1.7) | 79 (2.3) | 0.003* |
| Right ventricular dysfunction | 0 | 706 (21.0) | <0.001* |
| Shock | 5933 (3.4) | 453 (13.5) | <0.001* |
| Cardiopulmonary resuscitation | 2584 (1.5) | 275 (8.2) | <0.001* |
| Case fatality | 30 643 (17.7) | 964 (28.7) | <0.001* |
Data are presented as n (%) or median (range), unless otherwise stated. VTE: venous thromboembolism; ARDS: acute respiratory distress syndrome; ECMO: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. #: glomerular filtration rate <60 mL·min−1·1.73 m−2. *: statistically significant (p<0.05).