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. 2021 Oct 14;77(9):854–864. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2021-217312

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Logic model of the pathways from SECs at birth (maternal education captured at 9 months) to mid-childhood/adolescent asthma (7, 11 and 14 years), with direct pathway shown in bold, indirect pathways via mediators in dashed lines and baseline confounding pathways in dotted lines. Mediating blocks capture: (1) Perinatal characteristics at 9 months (maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index; breastfeeding duration; birth weight; gestation; maternal smoking; alcohol use during pregnancy; seen a health professional for wheeze?), (2) home environment at 3 years (damp/condensation; tenure; furry pets in household; environmental tobacco smoke; access to garden) (3) exposure to infection at 3 years (sibling number in household and informal vs formal childcare) (4) neighbourhood characteristics at 3 years (volume of traffic; housing quality; rubbish on pavement; good area to bring up children?). This logic model corresponds to data available in Millennium Cohort Study only and is not a complete directed acyclic graph. SECs, socioeconomic circumstances.