Table 1.

Baseline characteristics

	SOC (n=59)	SOC-F (n=61)	All (n=120)	P value (SOC vs SOC-F)
Age (days)	1 (0–4)	1 (0–3)	1 (0–3)
Gestational age (weeks)	38 (37–40)	40 (38–40)	39 (38–40)	0.079
Sex
Female	24 (41)	24 (39)	48 (40)	0.881
Male	35 (59)	37 (61)	72 (60)
Anthropometry
Weight (g)	2700 (2080–3200)	2800 (2500–3230)	2750 (2370–3215)	0.154
Head circumference (cm)	34.0 (32.5–36.0)	34.7 (33.6–36.0)	34.6 (33.0–36.0)	0.173
Length (cm)	48.0 (44.4–49.5)	48.0 (46.0–49.5)	48.0 (45.0–49.5)	0.371
Admitted from
KCH maternity	24 (41)	28 (46)	52 (43)	0.846
Other health facility	20 (34)	19 (31)	39 (33)
Home	15 (25)	14 (23)	29 (24)
Clinical symptoms
Fever	21 (36)	22 (36)	43 (36)	0.957
Difficulty in breathing	39 (66)	40 (66)	79 (66)	0.951
Difficulty feeding	10 (17)	11 (18)	21 (18)	0.876
Seizures	8 (14)	11 (18)	19 (16)	0.502
Vomiting	1 (1.7)	1 (1.6)	2 (1.7)	0.981
Clinical signs
Axillary temperature (°C)	36.8 (36.3–37.4)	37 (35.7–37.6)	36.9 (35.9–37.5)	0.580
Heart rate (bpm)	147 (136–161)	147 (138–158)	147 (138–159)	0.471
Respiratory rate (bpm)	54 (45–68)	56 (48–68)	56 (48–68)	0.953
Oxygen saturation (%)	96 (86–97)	95 (88–98)	96 (88–98)	0.484
Capillary refill time ≥2 s	12 (20)	14 (23)	26 (22)	0.728
Respiratory distress*	43 (73)	37 (61)	80 (67)	0.156
Jaundice	6 (10)	11 (18)	17 (14)	0.217
Skin lesions†	4 (6.8)	3 (4.9)	7 (5.8)	0.664
Abdominal distension	5 (8.5)	1 (1.6)	6 (5.0)	0.086
Impaired consciousness‡	2 (3.4)	9 (15)	11 (9.2)	0.031
Abnormal posture	1 (1.7)	3 (4.9)	4 (3.3)	0.223
Abnormal tone	8 (14)	13 (21)	21 (18)	0.264
Bulging fontanel
Agitated	9 (15)	11 (18)	20 (17)	0.683
Lethargic	10 (17)	17 (28)	27 (23)	0.152

Data are n (%) or median (q25–q75).

*Nasal flaring, lower chest wall indrawing and/or grunting.

†Pustules, vesicles, petechiae and/or cellulitis.

‡Responsive to pain only or unresponsive.

KCH, Kilifi County Hospital; SOC, standard of care; SOC-F, standard of care plus fosfomycin.