FFS indicates fee-for-service Medicare; NH, nursing home; SNF, skilled nursing facility; total SNF episodes, the first episodes of care captured in the Minimum Data Set between July 1, 2014, and June 30, 2016, with a length of stay of 1 day or more and 100 days or less, per Center for Medicare & Medicaid services guidelines for determining short stay. Other exclusions include individuals discharged to psychiatric hospitals, inpatient rehabilitation facilities, hospice, and long-term chronic hospitals.