| Akt/Pkb | Recombinant Protein Kinase B |
| β-catenin | Beta chain protein |
| C-myc | proto-oncogene protein |
| EGF | Epidermal Growth Factor |
| EGFR | epidermal growth factor receptor |
| GSK-3β | Glycogen synthase kinase 3 |
| HE | Hematoxylin and eosin |
| HPLC | High Performance Liquid Chromatography |
| LEF 1 | Lymphoid Enhancer-binding Factor 1 |
| PI3K | phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase |
| RT-PCR | Real-time PCR |
| Tcf/Lef | T cell factor/Lymphoid enhancer factor |
| Wnt | Wingless/Integrated |
| IHC | Immunohistochemistry |
| GO | Gene oncology |
| KEGG | Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes |
| HE | hematoxylin-eosin staining |