Table 3.
Epidemiological study outcomes related to metabolic syndrome.
| Event | Identified Publications via AOP-helpFinder |
Identified Associations with PFAS (Number of Publ.) | No Associations Found (Number of Publ.) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hypertension | Total number of publications: | 20 | ||
| Years: | 2012–2020 | |||
| Addressed hypertension or preeclampsia: | 15 | PFBA (1), PFOA (9), PFNA (4), PFDA (1), PFHxS (2), PFHpS (1), PFOS (3), br-PFOS (2), PFDS (1), MeFOSAA (1), total 12-PFAS (1), | PFOA (3), PFNA (1), PFHxS (2), PFOS (4), EtFOSAA (1) | |
| Did not address hypertension: | 5 | e.g., higher uric acid levels | ||
| Overweight and obesity | Total number of publications: | 15 | ||
| Years: | 1996–2019 | |||
| Addressed overweight or obesity: | 7 | PFOA (3), PFNA (2), PFOS (1) | PFOA (1), PFNA (1), PFHxS (1), PFOS (2), PFOSA (1) | |
| Did not address overweight or obesity: | 8 | e.g., lower birth weight, elevated LDL or TC, study participants were obese in general | ||
| Insulin resistance | Total number of publications: | 11 | ||
| Years: | 2010–2019 | |||
| Addressed insulin resistance: | 11 | ↓ HOMA-IR↓: PFHxS (4), PFOS (1), PFOA (1), PFNA (2), PFDA (1), PFAA4 (1) ↑ HOMA-IR↑: PFHxS (1), PFOS (2), PFOA (1), PFDoDA (1) GDM: PFHxS (1), PFHpA (1), PFOA (1), PFNA (2), PFDoDA (1) |
PFOA (2), PFNA (2), PFHxS (1), PFOS (2), | |
| Did not address insulin resistance: | 0 | |||
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus | Total number of publications: | 4 | ||
| Years: | 2018–2020 | |||
| Addressed insulin resistance: | 4 | PFOS (1), PFOA (2) | PFOS (1) | |
| Did not address insulin resistance: | ||||
Abbreviations: LDL = low-density lipoprotein; TC = total cholesterol; HOMA-IR = homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (↓= decrease, ↑= increase); GDM = gestational diabetes mellitus; PFBA = perfluorobutanoic acid; PFOA = perfluorooctanoic acid; PFNA = perfluorononanoic acid; PFDA = perfluorodecanoic acid; PFDoDA = perfluorododecanoic acid; PFHxS = perfluorohexane sulfonate; PFHpS = perfluoroheptane sulfonate; PFOS = perfluorooctane sulfonate; br-PFOS = branched perfluorooctane sulfonate; PFDS = perfluorodecane sulfonate; PFOSA = perfluorooctane sulfonamide; MeFOSAA = N-methyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamidoacetic acid; EtFOSAA = N-ethyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamidoacetic acid.