Table 2.

Summary of studies investigating the effect of bile salts on the intestinal permeability and oral pharmacokinetic parameters of drugs.

Drug (s)	Absorption Enhancer	Model	Results	Ref.
5(6)-carboxyfluorescein	Sodium glycocholate (SGC) and sodium taurodeoxycholate (STDC)	In vitro: Caco-2 cell	SGC was a slightly better absorption enhancer for the 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein than STDC but not significant (p > 0.05).	[73]
Cefquinome	Sodium taurocholate	In vitro: Caco-2 cell	At 2 mmol/L sodium taurocholate, the transportation of cefquinome substantially increased.	[72]
		In vivo: rat intestine	At 10 and 20 mmol/L sodium taurocholate, the absorption of the drug increased in a concentration-dependent manner.
Berberine chloride	Sodium deoxycholate	In vivo: rat intestine	AUC0–36h: 35.3-fold increase	[70]
Gliclazide	Taurocholic acid	In vivo: rat intestine	The microcapsules containing taurocholic acid increased the gliclazide absorption (p < 0.01).	[71]
EGFR2R-lytic hybrid peptide	Sodium taurodeoxycholate	In vitro: Caco-2 cell	Papp: 5.0-fold increase	[74]