Table 4.

Summary of studies investigating the effect of solid lipid nanoparticles on the intestinal permeability and oral pharmacokinetic parameters of drugs.

Drug (s)	Model	Results	Ref.
Lumefantrine	In situ: single pass intestinal permeability study	Cellular uptake: 3-fold increase Ka: 2.96-fold increase	[92]
	In vivo: rat intestine	AUC and Cmax: 2.7-fold increase Tmax: no change
Curcumin	In vivo: rat intestine	Lymphatic uptake: 6.3-fold increase Oral bioavailability: 9.5-fold increase Cmax: several folds increase Tmax: 2-fold increase AUC: increased	[90]
Asenapine maleate	In vitro: Caco-2 cell	Papp: increased
	In vivo: rat intestine	Bioavailability: 50.19-fold increase AUC: increased Cmax: 20.78-fold increase Tmax: 8-fold increase	[94]
4-(N)-docosahexaenoyl 2′, 2′-difluorodeoxycytidine (DHA-dFdC)	In vitro: simulated gastrointestinal fluids	Cmax: increased Tmax: decreased AUC: increased	[95]
Insulin	Ex vivo: rat everted intestinal sac	Papp: 2-fold increase Cmax: increased AUC: increased	[93]