| AFM | atomic force microscopy |
| CCDC | the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Center |
| CLSM | confocal laser scanning microscopy |
| EDX | energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry |
| GC-MS | gas chromatography-mass spectrometry |
| TEM | transmission electron microscopy |
| TLC | thin layer chromatography |
| HMBC | heteronuclear multiple bond correlation |
| HNTs | halloysite nanotubes |
| HR-MS | high resolution mass spectrometry |
| NMR | nuclear magnetic resonance |
| OD | optical density |