Table 1.
Descriptive statistics of participants.
| Variables n (%) or Median (Quartile) |
Total Participants (n = 7434) |
Lower Psychological Stress Group (n = 4204) | Higher Psychological Stress Group (n = 3230) | Z/ϰ2 | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age in 2011 | 51.00 (41.00–60.00) | 51.00 (41.00–60.00) | 52.00 (41.00–61.00) | 1.1303 | 0.2584 |
| Age in 2015 | 55.00 (45.00–65.00) | 55.00 (45.00–64.00) | 56.00 (45.00–65.00) | 1.1444 | 0.2525 |
| Gender | 9.6049 | 0.0019 | |||
| Male | 3464 (46.60) | 2025 (48.17) | 1439 (44.55) | ||
| Female | 3970 (53.40) | 2179 (51.83) | 1791 (55.45) | ||
| Marital status in 2011 | 9.5294 | 0.0230 | |||
| Never married | 286 (3.86) | 171 (4.07) | 115 (3.56) | ||
| Married | 6530 (88.14) | 3712 (88.30) | 2818 (87.24) | ||
| Divorced/Separated/Widowed | 593 (8.00) | 304 (7.23) | 289 (8.95) | ||
| Marital status in 2015 | 11.6203 | 0.0088 | |||
| Never married | 184 (2.48) | 110 (2.62) | 74 (2.29) | ||
| Married | 6596 (88.97) | 3764 (89.53) | 2832 (87.68) | ||
| Divorced/Separated/Widowed | 634 (8.55) | 321 (7.64) | 313 (9.69) | ||
| BMI in 2011 | 23.70 (21.45–26.15) | 23.80 (21.49–26.26) | 23.61 (21.36–26.03) | −2.6582 | 0.0079 |
| BMI categories in 2011 | 13.7777 | 0.0032 | |||
| Normal weight | 3555 (49.01) | 2013 (48.84) | 1542 (49.23) | ||
| Obesity | 922 (12.71) | 545 (13.22) | 377 (12.04) | ||
| Overweight | 2457 (33.87) | 1412 (34.26) | 1045 (33.37) | ||
| Underweight | 320 (4.41) | 152 (3.69) | 168 (5.36) | ||
| BMI in 2015 | 24.09 (21.82–26.52) | 24.13 (21.89–26.52) | 24.07 (21.75–26.52) | −1.3582 | 0.1744 |
| BMI categories in 2015 | 4.8868 | 0.1803 | |||
| Normal weight | 2986 (44.68) | 1709 (44.91) | 1277 (44.37) | ||
| Obesity | 968 (14.48) | 571 (15.01) | 397 (13.79) | ||
| Overweight | 2454 (36.72) | 1382 (36.32) | 1072 (37.25) | ||
| Underweight | 275 (4.11) | 143 (3.76) | 132 (4.59) | ||
| Residence | 53.6550 | <0.0001 | |||
| Rural | 4563 (61.38) | 2428 (57.75) | 2135 (66.10) | ||
| Urban | 2871 (38.62) | 1776 (42.25) | 1095 (33.90) | ||
| Province | 229.9176 | <0.0001 | |||
| Beijing | 702 (9.44) | 413 (9.82) | 289 (8.95) | ||
| Chongqing | 548 (7.37) | 240 (5.71) | 308 (9.54) | ||
| Guangxi | 606 (8.15) | 293 (6.97) | 313 (9.69) | ||
| Guizhou | 613 (8.25) | 296 (7.04) | 317 (9.81) | ||
| Heilongjiang | 518 (6.97) | 294 (6.99) | 224 (6.93) | ||
| Henan | 602 (8.1) | 316 (7.52) | 286 (8.85) | ||
| Hubei | 610 (8.21) | 314 (7.47) | 296 (9.16) | ||
| Hunan | 561 (7.55) | 304 (7.23) | 257 (7.96) | ||
| Jiangsu | 759 (10.21) | 493 (11.73) | 266 (8.24) | ||
| Liaoning | 608 (8.18) | 460 (10.94) | 148 (4.58) | ||
| Shandong | 569 (7.65) | 292 (6.95) | 277 (8.58) | ||
| Shanghai | 738 (9.93) | 489 (11.63) | 249 (7.71) | ||
| Urbanization index in 2011 | 73.84 (54.55–88.93) | 77.18 (56.16–89.77) | 68.92 (53.08–87.88) | −8.0879 | <0.0001 |
| Weight in 2011, kg | 61.40 (54.50–70.00) | 62.25 (55.00–70.20) | 60.40 (53.50–68.60) | −6.4470 | <0.0001 |
| Height in 2011, cm | 161.00 (155.50–167.80) | 162.00 (156.00–168.00) | 160.00 (154.90–166.60) | −7.0626 | <0.0001 |
| WC in 2011, cm | 84.00 (77.00–91.10) | 84.50 (77.00–91.70) | 83.20 (76.50–90.60) | −3.1637 | 0.0016 |
| Urbanization index in 2015 | 77.08 (60.12–87.60) | 79.74 (61.02–88.55) | 73.57 (57.97–86.98) | −7.9719 | <0.0001 |
| Weight in 2015, kg | 62.30 (55.00–70.40) | 62.90 (55.70–71.00) | 61.60 (54.20–69.80) | −4.8665 | <0.0001 |
| Height in 2015, cm | 160.70 (155.00–167.10) | 161.50 (155.80–168.00) | 160.00 (154.00–166.00) | −6.5127 | <0.0001 |
| WC in 2015, cm | 85.00 (78.00–92.50) | 85.60 (78.50–93.00) | 85.00 (77.35–92.00) | −2.7671 | 0.0057 |
| Cumulative average dietary intake | |||||
| Energy, kcal/day | 1835.11 (1407.41–2359.90) | 1841.62 (1407.83–2385.35) | 1820.19 (1407.40–2329.92) | −1.0028 | 0.3159 |
| Protein, g/day | 63.04 (46.23–84.70) | 63.99 (46.85–86.02) | 61.62 (45.56–82.87) | −3.7050 | 0.0002 |
| Carbohydrate, g/day | 255.30 (184.39–342.15) | 255.12 (181.50–340.87) | 255.91 (186.87–344.86) | 1.2833 | 0.1994 |
| Fat, g/day | 58.90 (35.97–87.89) | 59.85 (37.24–89.23) | 58.05 (34.05–86.01) | −2.9658 | 0.0030 |
| Calcium, mg/day | 363.27 (241.08–539.65) | 376.55 (248.32–561.32) | 345.63 (232.72–512.31) | −5.4703 | <0.0001 |
| Sodium, mg/day | 3761.39 (2655.46–5272.83) | 3781.94 (2662.10–5307.16) | 3740.80 (2648.67–5230.20) | −0.6063 | 0.5443 |
Note: BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference. Continuous variables are expressed as median (quartile). Categorical variables are expressed as numbers (percentages).