Table 1.

Chemotherapeutic agents with potential cardiotoxicity in hematologic malignancies.

Chemotherapeutic Class and Agents	Cardiomyopathy Incidence	Other Types of Cardiovascular Toxicity	Clinical Use in Hematologic Malignancies
Anthracyclines [7,8,9]
Doxorubicin	(3–26)%	Myopericarditis, cardiac arrhythmias	Acute myeloid leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Idarubicin	(5–18)%	ECG abnormalities	Acute myeloid leukemia
Mitoxantrone	(0.2–30)%	Cardiac arrhythmias, ECG abnormalities	Acute nonlymphocytic leukemias
Alkylating agents [7,8,9]
Cyclophosphamide (high dose)	(7–28)%	Peri-/myocarditis, cardiac tamponade, arrhythmias	Bone marrow transplant, chronic myelogenous leukemias
Ifosfamide	17%	Arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, myocardial hemorrhage, myocardial infarction	Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Busulphan	Rare	Endomyocardial fibrosis, pericardial effusion, tamponade, ECG changes, chest pain, hyper-/hypotension, thrombosis, arrhythmias	Chronic myelogenous leukemia, hematopoietic stem cell conditioning regimen
Antimetabolites [8]
Clofarabine	27%	Arrhythmias, hypo-/hypertension, pericarditis/pericardial effusion	Acute lymphocytic leukemia
Cytarabine	Undefined	Pericarditis, chest pain (including angina)	Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, acute leukemia (myeloid and lymphocytic)
Antimicrotubule agents [7,8]
Vincristine	25%	Hyper-/hypotension, myocardial ischemia	Acute lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, multiple myeloma
Monoclonal antibody-based tyrosine kinase inhibitors [8]
Alemtuzumab	Rare	Hypo-/hypertension, arrhythmia	Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, bone marrow transplant
Rituximab	Rare	Hypotension, arrhythmia	Non -Hodgkin lymphoma
Small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors [7,8]
Dasatinib	(2–4)%	Pericardial effusion, hypertension, arrhythmia, QT interval prolongation, Pulmonary arterial hypertension	Philadelphia chromosome + chronic myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Imatinib mesylate	(0.5–1.7)%	Pericardial effusion and tamponade, anasarca, arrhythmias, hypertension, Raynaud disease	Philadelphia chromosome + chronic myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Ponanitib	Undefined	Arterial thrombosis	Chronic myeloid leukemia and Philadelphia chromosome + acute lymphoblastic leukemia, resistant to traditional TKIs
Proteasome Inhibitors [7,8]
Bortezomib	(2–5)%	Ischemia, bradycardia	Multiple myeloma, mantle cell lymphoma
Carfilzomib	8.68%	Uncontrolled hypertension	Relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors [7,10]
Pembrolizumab	1%	Myocarditis, pericardial desease, conduction abnormalities	Hodgkin Lymphoma
Nivolumab	0.54%	Myocarditis, pericardial desease, conduction abnormalities	Hodgkin Lymphoma