Northern blot analysis. Total RNAs were prepared from O. oeni cells grown at 30°C or submitted to heat shock at 42°C for 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, or 30 min. Samples were electrophoresed through an agarose-formaldehyde gel, blotted onto membranes, and hybridized with α-32P-labeled probe A for tig or probe B for clpX (Fig. 1A). The resulting autoradiograms are shown in panels A and B, respectively. Arrows indicate the positions of the detected transcripts. The central numbers represent the molecular size markers.