Table 1.

Liposome-based combination preparations for cancer immunotherapy.

Drug Combination	Loading Strategies	Improved Effect	Disease Models	Ref.
DOX and carborane (CB)	DOX-CB conjugates were entrapped in the lipid bilayer	Coupling boron neutron capture therapy with immunotherapy	Glioblastoma models	[107]
DOX and CpG	DOPE-DOX-conjugate and DOPE-MMP-9 responsive peptide-CpG conjugate self-assemble into NPs	Co-delivery of chemotherapeutics with adjuvants	E.G7-OVA tumor models	[105]
PTX and αGC	PTX and glycolipid αGC were co-encapsulated in the lipid bilayer	Co-delivery of chemotherapeutics with adjuvants	B16F10 melanoma xenograft and lung metastasis models	[108,109]
CPT and Cur	CPT and Cur were entrapped in the lipid bilayer	Cur could downregulate the CPT-induced elevated PD-L1 expression and reduce Treg-mediated immunosuppression	Glioblastoma models	[106]
DOX and PD-L1 inhibitor	DOX was encapsulated inside and DSPE-PEG2000-MMP-responsive peptide-PD-L1 inhibitor was inserted into the lipid bilayer	Combination of cancer immunotherapy and chemotherapy to enhance the anti-tumor effect	B16F10 melanoma models	[110]
DOX and silybin (SLN)	DOX-loaded liposomes and SLN-loaded liposomes	SLN-loaded liposomes could change stromal structures and abrogate immunosuppression when in combination with DOX-loaded liposomes	Triple-negative breast cancer	[111]
IOX1 and DOX	IOX1-loaded liposomes and DOX-loaded liposomes	IOX1 could inhibit P-gp of cancer cells to enhance DOX-triggered ICD	Triple-negative 4T1 breast cancer models	[21]
PTX, thioridazine (THZ), and HY19991 (HY)	PTX-loaded micelles, THZ, and HY were entrapped in the aqueous core	Co-delivery of therapeutics against bulk tumor cells, cancer stem cells, and immune checkpoints	Breast cancer models	[112]