TABLE 1.
Demographics | |
---|---|
Sex (female) (%) | 72.0 |
Age (years) (mean ± SD) | 40.2 ± 12.7 |
Age of Onset (years) (mean ± SD) | 37.8 ± 12.2 |
Family history(%) | — |
MS | 10.4 |
SAD | 9.1 |
Organ Specific Autoimmune Disease | 14.1 |
Comorbidities(%) | |
Organ-Specific Autoimmune Disease a | 17.8 |
Diabetes Mellitus | 5.0 |
Hypertension | 8.3 |
Hyperlipidemia | 14.3 |
Clinical characteristics | |
First manifestation (%) | — |
Optic neuritis | 23.1 |
Brainstem | 14.5 |
Pyramidal tracts | 26.9 |
Cerebellar | 10.8 |
Sensory tracts | 35.5 |
Bowel/Bladder | 3.8 |
Symptoms nontypical for MS b | 18.8 |
MRI Findings | |
Demyelinating brain or spine lesions (%) | 68.6 |
Nonspecific brain WMH (%) | 26.2 |
Nonspecific brain WMH with demyelinating spine lesions (%) | 8.9 |
Areas affected in MRI (%) | — |
Cortical/juxtacortical/deep white matter (non-periventricular supratentorial) | 74.2 |
Periventricular | 79.8 |
Infratentorial | 50.3 |
Optic Nerve | 10.2 |
Corpus Callosum | 41.7 |
Cervical Spine | 53.6 |
Thoracic Spine | 45.7 |
Gadolinium enhancement at current evaluation c (%) | 38.2 |
CSF Findings | |
T2 Positive OCBs (%) | 49.7 |
High IgG Index (≥0.65) (%) | 41.3 |
White cell count (pof) (mean ± SD) | 5.1 ± 7.1 |
CSF protein (mg/dl) (mean ± SD) | 39.5 ± 17.9 |
Autoantibodies | |
ANA (titers ≥1/320) (%) | 8.5 |
Antiphospholipid antibody positivity (%) | |
Any | 17.0 |
Anticardiolipin IgM | 15.7 |
Anticardiolipin IgG | 0.0 |
Anti-β2GPI IgM | 4.7 |
Anti-β2GPI IgG | 1.8 |
Anti-MOG (%) | 2.3 |
Anti-AQP4 (%) | 1.6 |
Hashimoto thyroiditis, psoriasis, vitiligo, and hidradenitis suppurativa
dizziness, bilateral ON, visual disturbances other than ON, headache, cervical or low back pain, sensory symptoms without a CNS pattern, transient loss of consciousness, tinnitus, speech disturbance, isolated fatigue, and cortical features (aphasia, encephalopathy, cognitive impairment, and seizures)
MRIs with gadolinium administration performed during the last 30 days
Abbreviations ANA = anti-nuclear antibodies, AQP4 = aquaporin-4, CNS = central nervous system, CSF = cerebrospinal fluid, Ig = immunoglobulin, MRI = magnetic resonance imaging, MOG = myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, MS = multiple sclerosis, ON = optic neuritis, OCBs = oligoclonal bands, SAD = systemic autoimmune disease, WMH = white matter hyperintensities, and β2GPI = beta-2-glycoprotein-I