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. 2022 Aug 12;13:898049. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.898049

TABLE 1.

Descriptive characteristics of the 193 study participants.

Demographics
 Sex (female) (%) 72.0
 Age (years) (mean ± SD) 40.2 ± 12.7
 Age of Onset (years) (mean ± SD) 37.8 ± 12.2
Family history(%)
 MS 10.4
 SAD 9.1
 Organ Specific Autoimmune Disease 14.1
Comorbidities(%)
 Organ-Specific Autoimmune Disease a 17.8
 Diabetes Mellitus 5.0
 Hypertension 8.3
 Hyperlipidemia 14.3
Clinical characteristics
 First manifestation (%)
   Optic neuritis 23.1
   Brainstem 14.5
   Pyramidal tracts 26.9
   Cerebellar 10.8
   Sensory tracts 35.5
   Bowel/Bladder 3.8
   Symptoms nontypical for MS b 18.8
MRI Findings
  Demyelinating brain or spine lesions (%) 68.6
  Nonspecific brain WMH (%) 26.2
    Nonspecific brain WMH with demyelinating spine lesions (%) 8.9
 Areas affected in MRI (%)
   Cortical/juxtacortical/deep white matter (non-periventricular supratentorial) 74.2
   Periventricular 79.8
   Infratentorial 50.3
   Optic Nerve 10.2
   Corpus Callosum 41.7
   Cervical Spine 53.6
   Thoracic Spine 45.7
 Gadolinium enhancement at current evaluation c (%) 38.2
CSF Findings
   T2 Positive OCBs (%) 49.7
   High IgG Index (≥0.65) (%) 41.3
   White cell count (pof) (mean ± SD) 5.1 ± 7.1
   CSF protein (mg/dl) (mean ± SD) 39.5 ± 17.9
Autoantibodies
  ANA (titers ≥1/320) (%) 8.5
  Antiphospholipid antibody positivity (%)
    Any 17.0
    Anticardiolipin IgM 15.7
    Anticardiolipin IgG 0.0
    Anti-β2GPI IgM 4.7
    Anti-β2GPI IgG 1.8
  Anti-MOG (%) 2.3
  Anti-AQP4 (%) 1.6
a

Hashimoto thyroiditis, psoriasis, vitiligo, and hidradenitis suppurativa

b

dizziness, bilateral ON, visual disturbances other than ON, headache, cervical or low back pain, sensory symptoms without a CNS pattern, transient loss of consciousness, tinnitus, speech disturbance, isolated fatigue, and cortical features (aphasia, encephalopathy, cognitive impairment, and seizures)

c

MRIs with gadolinium administration performed during the last 30 days

Abbreviations ANA = anti-nuclear antibodies, AQP4 = aquaporin-4, CNS = central nervous system, CSF = cerebrospinal fluid, Ig = immunoglobulin, MRI = magnetic resonance imaging, MOG = myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, MS = multiple sclerosis, ON = optic neuritis, OCBs = oligoclonal bands, SAD = systemic autoimmune disease, WMH = white matter hyperintensities, and β2GPI = beta-2-glycoprotein-I