Table 2.
Biochemical and immunological data
| Parameter | Control group (n = 22) | HIV infected ART naïve (n = 66) (Naïve) | p valuea | HIV infected 9 months on ART (n = 66) (ART) | p valueb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Serum creatinine (μmol/l) | 72 ± 14 | 70 ± 14 | 0.5 | 82 ± 16 | < 0.001 |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 111 ± 38 | 92 ± 22 | 0.03 | 82 ± 19 | < 0.001 |
| Fasting blood glucose (mmol/l) | 5.0 ± 0.6 | 4.5 ± 0.5 | < 0.001 | 4.7 ± 0.6 | 0.002 |
| Haematocrit (%) | 42 ± 4 | 39 ± 7 | 0.02 | 41 ± 5 | 0.003 |
| Total fasting serum cholesterol (mmol/l) | 4.3 (3.9–4.9) | 3.4 (3.0–3.9) | < 0.001 | 3.5 (3.1–4.1) | 0.04 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 0.9 (0.6–1.2) | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 0.9 | 0.7 (0.6–1.0) | 0.03 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.4 (1.2–1.5) | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | < 0.001 | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | < 0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 2.7 (2.0–3.1) | 1.8 (1.6–2.4) | 0.005 | 2.0 (1.6–2.4) | 0.6 |
| High sensitivity C-reactive protein (mg/l) | 2.4 (1.1–9.2) | 3.6 (0.9–13.2) | 0.5 | 1.9 (0.5–7.2) | 0.01 |
| White cell count (109 cells/l) | 5.8 (4.5–7.9) | 5.1 (3.9–6.2) | 0.02 | 5.1 (3.9–6.4) | 0.2 |
| Lymphocyte count (109 cells/l) | 2.0 (1.7–17.9) | 1.4 (1.1–2.0) | < 0.001 | 1.4 (1.2–1.8) | 0.9 |
| Monocyte count (109 cells/l) | 0.4 (0.3–3.4) | 0.3 (0.2–0.4) | 0.05 | 0.3 (0.2–0.4) | 0.7 |
| Eosinophil count (109 cells/l) | 0.1 (0.1–1.1) | 0.1 (0.1–0.3) | 0.4 | 0.1 (0.1–0.2) | 0.06 |
| CD4 count (cells/μl) | – | 287 (181–382) | – | 375 (268–589) | < 0.001 |
| CD8 count (cells/μl) | – | 804 (570–1029) | – | 608 (462–783) | < 0.001 |
| CD4:CD8 ratio | – | 0.35 (0.23–0.46) | – | 0.61 (0.40–0.97) | < 0.001 |
| CD4:CD8 ratio < 1 | – | 61 (92%) | – | 48 (73%) | 0.002 |
| HIV viral load (copies/ml) | 81 525 (9781–320 497) | – | 20* (20–36) | < 0.001 | |
| HIV viral load (log copies/ml) | – | 4.9 (4.0 – 5.5) | – | 1.3** (1.3 –1.6) | < 0.001 |
HDL high density lipoprotein, LDL low density lipoprotein, HIV Human immunodeficiency virus
*20 copies/ml (log = 1.3) is the lower limit of measurement for our HIV–1 assay
aControls vs naïve
bNaïve vs ART
Bold values indicates p value < or = 0.05