Table 6.

In vitro antimicrobial effects of some propolis extracts, doses, and studied microorganisms

Country/Region	Solvent	Dose/Concentration	Microorganism	Effect	References
Tunisia	Ethanol	10 μl	Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Streptococcus mutans, Penicillium nordicum, Penicillium expansium, Penicillium commune, Lactobacillus plantarum, Escherichia coli	Growth inhibition	[83]
Chile	Ethanol	MIC, 256 to 1024 μg/ml	Helicobacter pylori ATCC 43,504, Helicobacter pylori 84C	Growth inhibition	[37]
Brazil	Ethanol	MIC 7.44 to 29.76 mg/ml	Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25,175, Streptococcus sanguinis ATCC 10,566, Streptococcus salivarius ATCC 7073, Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393	Growth inhibition	[93]
-	-	200 μl	Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25,175, Streptococcus sanguinis ATCC 10,566, Candida albicans ATCC 1023	Growth inhibition	[92]
Mexico	Ethanol	MIC 1.62 to 2.50 μg/ml	Candida albicans ATCC 10,231	Growth inhibition	[46]
Turkey	Ethanol–water (8:2)	0.25, 0.50, 1 mg/well	Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans	Growth inhibition	[47]
Algeria	Ethanol–water	500 μg/ml	Shewanellaputrefaciens, Photobacterium damselae, Vibrio harveyi	Growth inhibition	[87]
India	Chloroform, ethanol, acetone	5,10,15 mg/ml	Pseudomonas flurorescens, Pseudomonas citrea, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholera, Vibrio parahaemlyticus, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio fischeri, Bacilliussubstillus	Growth inhibition	[76]
Brazil	Ethanol–Water	1. 64 to ≥ 1024 μg/ml	Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli	Growth inhibition	[445]
Russia	Ethanol	2 μg/ml	Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli	Anti-biofilm	[35]
Romania	Ethanol	10 mg/ml	Paenibacillus larvae	Growth inhibition	[88]
Argentina	Ethanol	MIC, 4.7 to 152 g GAE/ml	Erwinia carotovorasppcarotovora CECT 225, Pseudomonas syringaepvar tomato CECT 126, Pseudomonas corrugata CECT 124, Xanthomonas campestris pvarvesicatoria CECT 792	Growth inhibition	[86]
Korea	Ethanol	0.036 to 2.3 mg/ml	Bacillius cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas fluorescence	Growth inhibition	[84]
Brazil	Ethanol	0.69 to 42.8 mg/ml	Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus intermedius, Malassezia pachydermatis	Growth inhibition	[251]
Turkey	Ethanol	MIC, 4 to 512 mg/ml	Peptostreptococcusanaerobius, Peptostreptococcus micros, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Actinomyces naeslundii, Prevotellaoralis, Prevotellamelaninogenica, Porphyromonasgingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Veillonellaparvula	Growth inhibition	[38]
Brazil	Ethanol	0.4 to 0.5 mg	Staphylococcus aureus 209, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans 562	Growth inhibition	[446]