Table 3.

Recent advances in nanomedicines for overcoming resistance to targeted therapy.

Nanoformulation	Name	Particle Size	Payload	Reversal Mechanism of Drug Resistance	Cell Line	Tumor Model	Reference
Polymeric micelles	CP@NP-cRGD	123.4 ± 0.4 nm	CQ and PD173074	Dual FGFR1-autophagy blockade	H1975/AR and HCC827/AR cells	H1975/AR tumor-bearing mice	[188]
	CsA/Gef-NPs	37.1 ± 13.1 nm	Cyclosporin A and gefitinib	Cyclosporin A-mediated gefitinib sensitization	PC-9-GR cells	PC-9-GR tumor-bearing mice	[216]
Polymeric nanoparticles	ELTN and FDTN@PEG-PLA	~120 nm	Fedratinib and Erlotinib	Inhibit the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway	Erlotinib-resistant H1650 cells	Erlotinib-resistant H1650 xenograft tumor model	[217]
	CE7Ns	234.2 ± 8.5 nm	Cy7 and erlotinib	Synergistic erlotinib-targeted therapy and photodynamic therapy	PC-9 and Erlotinib-resistant H1975 cells	PC-9 tumor-bearing mice	[218]
	ERL-loaded CMP-HA-NI-PEI-NBA	755.77 ± 51.11 nm	Erlotinib	Hypoxia-triggered rapid drug release	Drug-resistant hypoxic HeLa cells	/	[196]
Liposomes	T12/P-Lipo	~153 nm	Simvastatin and gefitinib	TAM targeting and enhanced BBB penetration	EGFRT790M-mutated H1975 cells	EGFRT790M-mutated H1975 brain metastasis model	[215]
	P-Lipo	156 nm	Simvastatin and gefitinib	Neovascularization regulation and M2-macrophage repolarization	EGFRT790M-mutated H1975 cells	EGFRT790M-mutated H1975 tumor-bearing mice	[219]
	tLGV	~180 n	Gefitinib and vorinostat	TAM reprogramming	EGFRT790M-mutated H1975 cells	EGFRT790M-positive H1975 tumor model	[220]
Hybrid nanoparticles	ACLEP	184.8 ± 5.87 nm	Erlotinib and PFOB	Reverse hypoxia-induced drug resistance	A549 and Erlotinib-resistant H1975 cells	A549 tumor-bearing mice	[221]

“/”: The original research article did not mention it.