Figure 5.

Representative examples of ancient proteomes. Well-preserved ancient proteomes contain distinctive groups of proteins that reflect the protein composition of the original tissue or material, such as human bone³⁶⁴ (A), human dental calculus⁴⁴⁵ (B), artist materials¹³⁷ (C), and pottery crusts⁹⁹ (D). As such, the composition of an ancient proteome can aid in its authentication. Data were searched against the SwissProt database using Mascot using the parameters described in ref (102). Protein identifications were established at <5.0% protein FDR and <1.0% peptide FDR in Scaffold v.5 (Proteome Software), and proteins with a minimum of 97% protein identification probability and at least two unique peptides were accepted. The top 15 proteins (by number of PSMs) per sample source were visualized as a treemap and labeled by their corresponding gene name; trypsin, keratins, serum albumin, and microbial proteins were excluded from the analysis. *Ovostatin; **riboflavin-binding protein; ***B3-hordein.