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. 2022 Aug 19;14(8):1822. doi: 10.3390/v14081822

Table 1.

Characteristics and outcomes of the included studies.

Author Country Year Patient Numbers and Description Control Numbers and Description Age of Patients (years) Sex of Patients (% Females) Cases, % of Patients on Immunosuppression Cases, % of Patients on Steroids Type of Vaccine Number of Patients Receiving 1 Dose Number of Patients Receiving 2 Doses Number of Patients Receiving 3 Doses
1 Grupper
(Full paper) 		Israel 2021 136 (Kidney 100%) 25 (HCWs) Cases mean: 58.6 (SD 12.7),
Controls mean: 52.7 (SD 11.5)		 Cases 18.3%,
Controls 68%		 ATG last 12 months 7.35%, Rituximab last 12 months 2.9%, CNIs 90.4%, mTORs 7.35%, MMF 76.5%
Triple maintenance immunosuppression 78.8%		 High-dose steroids last 12 months 23.5%, Low-dose prednisone 89.0% BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) 100% NA 161 NA
2 Boyarsky 1
(Letter) 		United States 2021 436 (Kidney 50.2%, Liver 17.9%, Heart 15.1%, Lung 11.2% Pancreas 1.1%, Multiorgan 3.2%) None Median: 55.9 (IQR 41.3–67.4) 61% 100% (Tacrolimus 83%, MMF 66%, Azathioprine 9%, Sirolimus 4%, Everolimus 2%) 54% BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) 52%, mRNA-1273 (Moderna) 48% 436 NA NA
3. Wadei
(Letter) 		United States 2021 7 (Double lung 14.3%, Kidney 28.6%, Heart and kidney 14.3%, Kidney and pancreas 14.3%) None Mean: 59 (Range 42–69) 0% 100% (Tacrolimus 85.7%, MMF 100%, Belatacept 14.3%) 100% BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) 57.1%, mRNA-1273 (Moderna) 42.9% 2 5 NA
4. Rincon-Arevalo
(Full paper) 		Germany 2021 40 (Kidney 100%) 35 (Mainly HCWs) Cases median: 62.4 (IQR 51.3–69.5),
Controls median: 51.0 (IQR 34.0–80)		 Cases 30%, Controls 42.9% 100% (MMF 97.5%, Tacrolimus 55%, Cyclosporine 37.5%, Azathioprine 0.9%, mTOR inhibitors 3.7%) 92.5% BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) 100% NA 75 NA
5. Benotmane 1
(Letter) 		France 2021 242 (Kidney 100%) None 57.7 (49.3–67.6) 35.50% 100% (Induction treatment;
ATG 59.5%, anti-CD25 37.9%, no induction 2.6%, CNIs;
Tacrolimus 55.2%, cyclosporine 34%, no CNI 10.8%, Others;
MMF/MPA 79.3%, Azathioprine 2.9%, mTOR inhibitors 14.5%, Belatacept 3.8%)		 58.9% mRNA-1273 (Moderna) 100% 242 NA NA
6. Benotmane 2
(Letter) 		France 2021 205 (Kidney 100%) None 57.7 (49.4–67.5) 36.60% 100% (Induction treatment: ATG 60.5%, anti-CD25 35.9%, no induction 3.6%, CNIs; Tacrolimus 56.4%, Cyclosporine 35.8%, no CNI 7.8%, Others; MMF/MPA 78.9%, Azathioprine 2.9%, mTOR inhibitors 13.2%, Tacrolimus + MMF/MPA 48%, Tacrolimus + MMF/MPA + steroids 31.3%, Belatacept 2.5%) 59.8% mRNA-1273 (Moderna) 100% NA 205 NA
7. Rabinowich
(Full paper) 		Israel 2021 80 (Liver 100%) 25 (HCWs) Cases mean: 60.1 (SD 12.8)
Controls mean: 52.7 (SD 11.5)		 Cases 30%,
Controls 68%		 97.5% (Tacrolimus 81.3%, Cyclosporine 12.5%, Everolimus 22.5%, Azathioprine 5%, MMF 50%) High dose steroids last 12 months 20%, prednisone 30% BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) 100% NA 105 NA
8. Yi
(Letter) 		United States 2021 145 (Kidney 100%) 31 (ESRD patients, 4 on immunosuppression) NA NA 100% NA BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech), mRNA-1273 (Moderna) 176 NA NA
9. Peled
(Full paper) 		Israel 2021 77 (Heart 100%) 136 (Healthy controls) Cases median: 62.0 (49.0–68.0)
Controls mean: 63 (SD 13) 		Cases 36%,
Controls 63%		 100% (MPA 53.2%, MMF 22.1%, Everolimus 26.0%) 75.3% BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) 100% NA 213 NA
10. Sattler
(Full paper) 		Germany 2021 39 (Kidney 100%) 39 (HCWs) Cases mean: 57.38 (SD 14.04)
Controls mean: 53.03 (SD 17.58)		 Cases 28.21%,
Controls 48.72%		 100% 89.7–97.4% BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) 100% NA 78 NA
11. Marion
(Letter) 		France 2021 367 (Kidney 73.8%, Liver 15.8%, Thoracic organs 9.0%, Pancreas 1.4%) (Includes 5 patients with prior COVID-19 exposure) None Cases mean: 59 (Standard error 1) 36.8% 100% (Tacrolimus 78.2%, Cyclosporine 7.1%, MPA 68.4%, mTOR inhibitors 25.6%, Belatacept 9.3%) 81.7% mRNA vaccine 100%: Of original cohort of 950, 942 received BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and 8 received mRNA-1273 (Moderna) 367 367 NA
12. Miele
(Letter) 		Italy 2021 16 (Kidney 31.3%, Lung 31.3%, Liver 25%, Heart 12.5%) 23 (HCWs) Cases mean: 57 (SD 15.9)
Controls mean: 44 (SD 7.2)		 Cases 18.8%,
Controls 56.5%		 Tacrolimus 93.7%, Everolimus 6.3%, MMF 62.5% 56.3% BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) 100% NA 39 NA
13. Havlin
(Communication) 		Czech Republic 2021 48 (Lung 100%) 10 (Healthy volunteers) Cases mean: 52.1 (SD 14.3)
Controls median: 39.8 (IQR 33.3–47.8)		 Cases 39.6%,
Controls NA		 100% (Tacrolimus 97.9%, Cyclosporine 2.1%, MMF 91.7%) 97.9% BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) 100% 46 30 NA
14. Rosen-Zvi
(Full paper) 		Israel 2021 308 (Kidney 100%) None Mean: 57.51 ± 13.84 36% 100% (MPA 73.4%, Tacrolimus 92.5%, Cyclosporine 7.5%, mTOR inhibitor 8.4%, Rituximab 1.9%, ATG 4.5%) 8.4% BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) 100% NA 308 NA
15. Shostak
(Letter) 		Israel 2021 168 (Lung 100%) None Median: 60.5 (IQR 49.3–67.8) 33% Includes mTOR inhibitors (patients treated with combination therapy of CNI and Everolimus) 17%, includes antimetabolite (patients treated with MMF/MPA or Azathioprine) 92% Mean prednisone dose (5.0 mg, IQR 5.0–10.0) BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) 100% 168 168 NA
16. Bertrand
(Full paper) 		France 2021 45 (Kidney 100%) None Mean: 63.5 ± 16.3 48.9% 100% (Tacrolimus 53.3%, Cyclosporine 17.8%, MMF 82.2%, Azathioprine 8.9%, Everolimus 6.7%, Belatacept 22.2%) 46.7% BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) 100% 45 45 NA
17. Cucchiari
(Full paper) 		Spain 2021 117 (Kidney 93.2%, Kidney and pancreas 6.8%) None Mean: 59.00 ± 52.42 32.3% 100% (Tacrolimus 83.8%, Cyclosporine 4.3%, MMF 61.5%, mTOR inhibitors 32.5%, Azathioprine 3.4%, Belatacept 6.8%, Eculizumab 1.7%) 79.5% mRNA-1273 (Moderna) 100% NA 148 NA
18. Husain
(Letter) 		United States 2021 28 (Kidney 100%) (Includes 3 patients with prior COVID-19 exposure) None Median: 66 (Range 42–87) 39% Tacrolimus 75%, Belatacept 21%, MMF/MPA 61%, Azathioprine 11%, Leflunomide 4%, Sirolimus/everolimus 14% 32% BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) 57%, mRNA-1273 (Moderna) 43% NA 28 NA
19. Korth
(Communication) 		Germany 2021 23 (Kidney 100%) 23 (HCWs) Cases mean: 57.7 ± 13.5
Controls mean: 44.4 ± 9.2		 Cases 52%,
Controls 61%		 MMF 78.3%, Tacrolimus 60.9%, Cyclosporine 17.4%, Sirolimus 21.7%, Everolimus 4.3%, Belatacept 4.3%, Azathioprine 4.3% 60.8% BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) 100% NA 46 NA
20. Boyarsky 2
(Letter) 		United States 2021 658 (Kidney 48.9%, Liver 19.6%, Heart 14.7%, Lung 10.8%, Pancreas 0.8%, Multiorgan 4.0%) None Median: ≥60 (Range 18—≥60) 58.7% 100% (Antimetabolites 71.9%, Other 28.1%) NA BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) 52.0%, mRNA-1273 (Moderna) 46.7% 658 658 NA
21. Mazzola
(Full paper) 		France 2021 143 (Liver 40.6%, Kidney 41.3%, Heart 18.2%) (Includes 8 patients with prior COVID-19 exposure) 25 (HCWs) Cases median: 61.0 (IQR 55.0–67.0)
Controls median: 55.0 (IQR 38.0–62.0)		 Cases 28.7%,
Controls 72%		 CNIs 82.5%, MMF 72.0%, mTOR inhibitor 18.9%, Tri-therapy 50.4% 62.2% BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) 100% 125 158 NA
22. Firket
(Letter) 		Belgium 2021 10 (Kidney 100%) 10 (Belgian vaccination program) Cases mean: 49.7 (SD 13.8)
Controls mean: 51.5 (SD 10.5)		 Cases 50%,
Controls 30%		 100% (CNIs 100%, Antimetabolites 100%) 40% BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) 100% 20 20 NA
23. Danthu (Communication)
 France 2021 74 (Kidney 100%) 7 (HCWs) Cases mean: 64.8 ± 11.5
Controls mean: 51.6 ± 6.8		 Cases 40.5%,
Controls 42.9%		 100% (CNIs 91.8%, Belatacept 2.7%, Everolimus 10.8%, MMF 70.3%, MPA 9.5%, Azathioprine 2.7%) 45.9% BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) 100% NA 81 NA
24. Boyarsky 3
(Letter) 		United States 2021 12 (Kidney 58%, Liver 25%, Heart 8%, Lung 8%) None (compared to mRNA cohort data) Median: 56 (IQR 42–60) 58.3% 100% (Rapamycin 8.3%, Azathioprine 16.7%, Tacrolimus 83.3%, MMF 66.7%, Everolimus 8.3%) 58.3% Ad26.COV2.S (Janssen/Johnson & Johnson) 100% 12 NA NA
25. Marinaki
(Letter) 		Greece 2021 34 (Heart 70.6%, Kidney 29.4%) 116 (HCWs) Cases median: 60 (IQR 49.1–68.4)
Controls: Age and sex matched HCW		 Cases 20.6%,
Controls Age and sex matched HCW		 100% (CNIs 94%, Antimetabolite therapy 44%, mTOR inhibitor 62%) 15% BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) 100% NA 150 NA
26. Chavarot 1
(Letter) 		France 2021 101 (Kidney 100%) None Cases median: 64 (53–73) 32.7% 100% (Belatacept 100%, MPA 78.2%, mTOR inhibitors 11.9%, Tacrolimus 7.9%, Azathioprine 2.0%) 96.0% BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) 100% 101 35 NA
27. Ou
(Full paper) 		United States 2021 609 (Kidney 100%, Pancreas 6%, Liver 4%, Heart 2%, Lung 1%) None Median: 58 (IQR 45–68) 59.2% 100% (Belatacept 3.9%, MMF 71.9%, Tacrolimus 77.2%, Azathioprine 9,7%, Sirolimus 8.4%) 68.5% BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) 51.9%, mRNA-1273 (Moderna) 44.8% 592 400 NA
28. Kamar
(Correspondence) 		France 2021 101 (Kidney 77.2%, Liver 11.9%, Lung 7.9%, Pancreas 3.0%) None Mean: 58 ± 2 30.3% CNIs 79%, Anti-metabolites 66%, mTOR inhibitors 30%, Belatacept 12% 87% BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) 100% 101 99 99 (Included in Del Bello)
29. Hallett
(Full paper) 		United States 2021 237 (Heart 57%, Lung 43%) None Median: 62 (46–69)
(Heart 60 (44–69), Lung 63 (48–70))		 55%
(Heart 51%, Lung 59%)		 100% (Tacrolimus 86%, MMF 62%, Sirolimus 14%, Cyclosporine 8%, Azathioprine8%, Everolimus7%, Belatacept 1%) 57% BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) 53%, mRNA-1273 (Moderna) 47% 237 237 NA
30. Stumpf
(Full paper) 		Germany 2021 368 (Kidney 100%) 144 (HCWs) Cases mean: 57.3 ± 13.7
Controls mean: 48 ± 11.9		 34.5% 99.7% (CNIs 87.5%, MMF 76.1%, mTOR Inhibitor 16%, Belatacept 4.6%) 48.4% BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) 28%, mRNA-1273 (Moderna) 72% 144 333 NA
31. Zadok
(Short report) 		Israel 2021 42 (Heart 100%) None
Median: 61 (IQR 44–69) 17% 99.7% (CNIs 81%, MMF 55%%, mTOR Inhibitor 57%,) 69% BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) 100% 42 NA NA
32. Schramm
(Full paper) 		Germany 2021 50 (Heart 84%, Lung 14%, Heart/lung 2%) 50 (HCWs) Mean: 55  ±  10 36% 100% (Tacrolimus/MMF 82%, Cyclosporine/MMF 10%, Tacrolimus/mTOR-Inhibitor 8%) NA BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) 100%
33. Werbel
(Letter) 		United States 2021 30 (Kidney 73.3%, Heart 6,7%, Lung 3.3%, Liver 10%, Pancreas 3.3%, Kidney and pancreas 3.3%) None Median: 57 (IQR 44–62) 56.7% Tacrolimus or Cyclosporine + MMF 83.3%, Sirolimus 3.3%, Belatacept 3.3% 80% Initial doses: BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) 56.7%, mRNA-1273 (Moderna) 43.3%
Third dose: BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) 16.7%, mRNA-1273 (Moderna) 33.3%, AD26.COV2.S (Janssen/Johnson & Johnson) 50%
Combinations: Pfizer-BioNTech + Janssen/Johnson & Johnson 23.3%, Pfizer-BioNTech + Moderna 23.3%, Pfizer-BioNTech + Pfizer-BioNTech 10%, Moderna + Janssen/Johnson & Johnson 26.7%, Moderna + Moderna 10%, Moderna + Pfizer-BioNTech 6.7%		 NA 30 30
34. Hall
(Correspondence) 		Canada 2021 120 (Lung 24.2%, Heart 15%, Kidney 24.2%, Liver 16.7%, Pancreas/kidney-pancreas 20%)
(60 experimental, 60 placebo)		 None (Randomized controlled trial contained all solid organ transplant patients) Third dose median: 66.9 (IQR 64.0–71.8),
Placebo median: 65.9 (IQR 62.9–70.3)		 Third dose: 38.3%,
Placebo: 30%		 100% (Tacrolimus 77.5%, Cyclosporine 20.8%, Sirolimus 9.2%, MMF 75%, Azathioprine 10%) Third dose 83.3%,
Placebo 70%		 mRNA-1273 (Moderna) 100% NA 120 60
35. Karaba
(Preprint) 		United States 2021 31 (Kidney 61.3%, Liver 22.6%, Heart 9.7%, Pancreas 3.2%, Lung 3.2%) None (15 Healthy controls receiving 2 mRNA vaccine doses) Median: 60 (IQR 49–67) Cases 54.8%,
Controls 33.3%		 (CNI 80.6%, mTORi 9.7%, Anti-metabolites 64.5%) 51.6% Transplant recipients:
First two doses: mRNA vaccine 100%,
Third dose: mRNA vaccine (19, 61.3%), Ad26.COV2.S (Janssen/Johnson & Johnson) (12, 38.7%)
Healthy controls: 2 doses of an mRNA vaccine (15, 100%)		 NA 46 46
36. Peled 2
(Full paper) 		Israel 2021 96 (Heart 100%) None Median: 61.0 (IQR 49.8–68.0) 29.2% 100% (Tacrolimus 82.3%, Mycophenolate sodium 54.2%, MMF 24.0%, Cyclosporine 11.5%, Everolimus 21.9%) 80.2% BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) 100% NA 96 96
37. Benotmane 3
(Letter) 		France 2021 159 (Kidney 100%) None Median: 57.6 (IQR 49.6–66.1) 38.4% 100% (Tacrolimus + MMF/MPA + steroids 52.8%, All other regimens 47.2%) Tacrolimus + MMF/MPA + steroids (84, 52.8%)
All other regimens (75, 47.2%)		 mRNA-1273 (Moderna) 100% NA 159 159
38. Masset
(Letter) 		France 2021 136 (Kidney 91.2%, kidney-pancreas/pancreas 8.8%) None Mean: 63.7 (SD 11.7) 36.8% (CNI 84.6%, mTORi 14.7%, Antimetabolites 74.3%, NA 1.47%) 31.6%
(NA 1.47%)		 BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) 100% NA 456 136
39. Del Bello
(Letter) 		France 2021 396 (Kidney 69.9%,
Liver 17.4%, Heart 8.33%, Lung 0.3%,
Pancreas 1.5%,
Multiple organs 2.5%)		 None Mean: 59 (SD 15) 34.8% 100% (CNI 86.1%, MPA 72.0%, mTORi 26.8%, Belatacept 8.8%) 82.1% BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) 100% NA 396 396
40. Charmetant
(Preprint) 		France 2021 66 (Kidney 100%) None Mean: 56.3 (SD 12.3) 56.1% 100% (CNI 92.4%,
MMF/MPA 81.8%,
mTORi 7.6%, Belatacept 1.5%)		 86.4% BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) 100% NA 66 66
41. Chavarot 2
(Communication) 		France 2021 62 (Kidney 100%) None Median 63.5 years (IQR 51–72) 41.9% 100% (Belatacept 100%, Everolimus 12.9%, MPA 71.0%, Azathioprine 4.8%, CNI 3.2%) 100% BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) 100% NA 62 62
42. Westhoff
(Letter) 		Germany 2021 10 (Kidney 100%) None Mean: 59.5 (Range 41–76) 20% 100% (CNI 80%, mTORi 10%, Belatacept 10%, MPA 90%) 100% First two doses: BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) 100%
Third dose: mRNA-1273 (Moderna) 100%		 10 10 10
43. Massa
(Preprint) 		France 2021 61 (Kidney 100%) None Median 58 years (IQR 47.1–66.1) 27.9% 100% (Antimetabolites 62.3%, CNI 93.4%, mTORi 9.8%, Belatacept 1.6%) 88.5% BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) 100% NA 61 61
44. Schrezenmeier
(Preprint) 		Germany 2021 25 (Kidney 100%) None Mean: 59.7 (SD 13.8) 44.0% 100% (Tacrolimus 56%, Cyclosporine 32%, MMF 96%, mTORi 16%) 96% First two doses: BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) 100%
Third dose: BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) 56%, AZD1222 (Oxford-AstraZenaca) 44%		 25 25 25
Author Used to Check Antibody Response Timing of Test After One Dose After Two Doses After Three Doses
Cases Responders Controls Responders Cases Ab Titers Controls Ab Titers Cases Responders Controls Responders Cases Ab Titers Controls Ab Titers Cases Responders Controls Responders Cases Ab Titers Controls Ab Titers
1.  Grupper DiaSorin LIAISON SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG chemiluminescent assay 10–20 days after the second dose - - - - 51/136 25/25 Median: 71.8 AU/mL (IQR 37.6–111.7 AU/mL) Median: 189.0 AU/mL (IQR 141.10–248 AU/mL) - - - -
2. Boyarsky 1
 EUROIMMUN anti-S1 IgG assay or Roche Elecsys anti-RBD pan-Ig assay 14–21 days after the first dose 76/436 - NA - - - - - - - - -
3. Wadei
 Antispike antibody, manufacturer NA Median 28 days (Range 6–44 days) after the first dose 0/2 - NA - 1/5 - 1.4 U/mL - - - - -
4. Rincon-Arevalo
 EUROIMMUN anti-SARS-CoV-2 ELISA, GenScript Surrogate SARS-CoV-2 virus neutralization ELISA 7 ± 2 days after the second dose - 4/40 (IgG 1/40,
IgA 4/40,
Neutralizing antibodies 0/40)		 35/35 IgG median: 0.09 (IQR 0.07–0.15)
IgA median: 0.20 (IQR 0.15–0.40)
NC median: 0.07 (IQR 0.05–0.13)		 IgG median: 58.59 (IQR 31.90–71.96)
IgA median: 41.10 (IQR 27.03–58.37)
NC median: 0.08 (IQR 0.06–0.11)		 - - - -
5. Benotmane 1
 ARCHITECT IgG II Quant test 28 days after the first dose 26/242 - Median: 224 AU/mL (IQR 76–496 AU/mL) - - - - - - - - -
6. Benotmane 2
 Abbott ARCHITECT IgG II Quant test 1 month after the second dose - - - - 98/205 - Median: 803.2 AU/mL (IQR 142.6–4609.6 AU/mL) - - - - -
7. Rabinowich
 DiaSorin LIAISON SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG chemiluminescent assay Cases: Mean 14.8 (±3.2) days after the second dose, Controls: Mean 15.8 (±2.9) days after the second dose Median: 1:150 COVID-19 IgG titer (Range 1:50 to >1:1350) 38/80 25/25 Mean: 95.41 (±92.4) AU/mL Mean: 200.5 (±65.1) AU/mL - - - -
8. Yi
 Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and total antibody, anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid IgG, and anti-Spike IgG titer At the time of second dose 9/145 27/31 Median: 1:150 COVID-19 IgG titer (Range 1:50 to <1:450) Median: 1:150 COVID-19 IgG titer (Range 1:50 to >1:1350) - - - - - - - -
9. Peled 1
 An "in-house" ELISA that detects IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 RBD.
 
A SARS-CoV-2 pseudo-virus (psSARS-2) neutralization assay was performed to detect SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies using a propagation-competent VSV-spike		 Transplant: 21 ± 10 days after the second dose
Control: 13.3 ± 1.4 days after the second dose		 - - - - 14/77 134/136 NA NA - - - -
10. Sattler
 Euroimmun ELISA-based analysis of SARS-CoV2 spike S1 domain-specific IgG and IgA 8 ± 1 days after the second dose - - - - 4/39 (IgG 1/39, IgA 4/39, Neutralizing antibodies 0/39) 39/39 NA NA - - - -
11. Marion
 Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy Enterprise SARS-CoV-2 total antibodies ELISA or another validated anti–SARS-CoV-2 spike protein assay 28 days after the first or second dose 23/367 - NA - 124/367 - NA - - - - -
12. Miele
 DiaSorin LIAISON SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2-IgG chemiluminescent assay Cases: Median 20 days (Range 15–76) after the second dose,
Controls: Median 15 days (Range 15–20) after the second dose		 - - - - 6/16 23/23 Median: 3.8 AU/mL
Mean: 87.32 AU/mL		 Median: 212 AU/mL
Mean: 233 AU/mL		 - - - -
13. Havlin
 Euroimmun anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 IgG ELISA, confirmed independently by TestLine Microblot-Array COVID-19 IgG and DiaSorin Liaison SARS-CoV-2 Trimeric S IgG Cases: At baseline, before the second dose, 7 days after the second dose, 4–6 weeks after the second dose,
Controls: 31 days (IQR 19–41 days) after the second dose		 0/46 - NA - 7 days after second vaccination: 0/30
(4–6 weeks after second vaccination: 0/21)		 10/10 NA NA - - - -
14. Rosen-Zvi
 Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant assay Median 28 days (IQR 22–34 days) after the second dose - - - - 112/308 - Median: 15.5 AU/mL (IQR 3.5–163.6 AU/mL) - - - - -
15. Shostak
 Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant assay Median 16 days (IQR 15–18) after the second dose 6/168 - Geometric mean S-IgG titer: 3.12 (SD 4.05) - 31/168 - Geometric mean S-IgG titer: 9.29 (SD 9.22) - - - - -
16. Bertrand
 Abbott ARCHITECT IgG II Quant test Three weeks after the first dose and one month after the second dose 1/45 - 311 AU/mL - 8/45 - Responder median: 671 AU/mL (IQR 172–1523 AU/mL) - - - - -
17. Cucchiari
 A serological assay based on the Luminex technique measuring antibodies against the Receptor-Binding Domain (RBD) of the spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 2 weeks after the second dose - - - - 35/117 (IgG/IgM 5/117,
IgG 27/117,
IgM 3/117)		 - NA - - - - -
18. Husain
 DiaSorin LIAISON anti-S IgG immunoassay or Roche Diagnostics Elecsys anti-S IgG immunoassay Median 29 days (Range 12–59) after the second dose - - - - 7/28 - NA - - - - -
19. Korth
 DiaSorin LIAISON® SARS-CoV-2 TrimericS IgG assay Cases: Mean 15.8 ± 3.0 days after the second dose
Controls: Mean 13.7 ± 1.8 days after the second dose		 - - - - 5/23 23/23 Mean: 50.9 ± 138.7 AU/mL Mean: 727.7 ± 151.3 AU/mL - - - -
20. Boyarsky 2
 EUROIMMUN anti-S1 IgG assay 28.6%, Roche Elecsys anti-RBD pan-Ig assay 71.4% Median 21 days (IQR 18–25) after the first dose,
Median 29 days (IQR 28–31) after the second dose		 98/658 - NA - 357/658 - Roche median: 2.14 U/mL (IQR <0.4–245.8), EUROIMMUN median: 1.23 AU (IQR 0.13–6.38) - - - - -
21. Mazzola
 Abbott Diagnostics Alinity I chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassays 28 days after the first and second dose 9/125 - Responder median: 153 AU/mL (IQR 129–860 AU/mL) - 38/133 25/25 Responder median: 759 AU/mL (IQR 257–3269 AU/mL) NA - - - -
22. Firket
 DiaSorin LIAISON® chemiluminescence immunoassay At time of second dose, ~15 days after the second dose, ~50 days after the second dose for transplant patients 0/10 9/10 Median: 0 AU/mL (Range 0–0 AU/mL) Median: 35.5 AU/mL (Range 0–118 AU/mL) 15 days after second dose 1/10
(50 days after second dose 3/10)		 15 days after second dose: 10/10 15 days after second dose median: 0 AU/mL (0–60 AU/mL)
50 days after second dose median: 0 AU/mL (0–46 AU/mL)		 15 days after second dose median: 263 AU/mL (Range 153–2090 AU/mL) - - - -
23. Danthu
 DiaSorin LIAISON SARS-CoV-2 TrimericS IgG 14, 28, 36, and 58 days after the first dose - - - - 3/74 7/7 NA (low number of responders) Day 14: 59 AU/mL (IQR 26.5–216.5 AU/mL)
Day 36: 1082 AU/mL (IQR 735.0–1662 AU/mL)
Day 58: 925 AU/mL (IQR 637–3624.5 AU/mL)		 - - - -
24. Boyarsky 3
 Roche Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2 S enzyme immunoassay Median 33 days (IQR 31–44 days) after the first dose 2/12 - Median: 2.39 U/mL (Range 1.33–3.45 U/mL) - - - - - - - - -
25. Marinaki
 Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant anti-SARS-CoV-2-RBD IgG assay Median 10 days (IQR 9–10 days) after thesecond dose - - - - 20/34 116/116 Median: 1370 AU/mL
Geometric mean: 948 AU/mL		 Median: 11,710 AU/mL
Geometric mean: 11,300 AU/ML		 - - - -
26. Chavarot
 Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant antibody test or Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy Enterprise SARS-CoV-2 total antibodies ELISA 28 and 60 days after first dose 2/101 - NA - 2/35 - NA - - - - -
27. Ou
 EUROIMMUN anti-S1 IgG assay or Roche Elecsys anti-RBD pan-Ig assay After 1 dose:
Non-belatacept: Median 21 days (IQR 19–26)
Belatacept: Median 22 days (IQR 19 -26)
 
After 2 doses:
Non-belatacept: Median 29 days (IQR 28–32)
Belatacept: Median 29 days (IQR 28–31)		 77/592
(Belatacept 0/24, Non-belatacept 77/568)		 - EUROIMMUN median IgG titer: 2.33 AU (IQR 1.68 – 4.77)
Roche median IgG titer: 4.24 U/mL (IQR 1.81 – 15.05)		 - 191/400
(Belatacept 1/19, Non-belatacept 190/381)		 - Non-belatacept:
EUROIMMUN median IgG titer: 6.23 AU (IQR 3.12 – 8.74 AU)
Roche median IgG titer: 78.10 U/mL (IQR 7.42 – 250 U/mL)
Belataceot: 48.07 U/mL		 - - - - -
28. Kamar
 Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy Enterprise SARS-CoV-2 total antibodies ELISA 4 weeks after the third dose 4/101 - NA - 40/99
- NA - 67/99 (Included in Del Bello)
29. Hallett
 Roche Elecsys for antibodies against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) or EUROIMMUN for antibodies to the S1 domain Median of 21 days (IQR 19–26 days) after the first dose, median of 29 days (IQR 28–32 days) after the second dose 28/237
(Heart 19/134, Lung 9/103)		 - - - 120/237
(Heart 83/134, Lung 37/103)		 - Anti-spike RBD assay: 250 U/mL (IQR, 174–250 U/mL) for first dose responders, 23.8 U/mL (IQR, 3.9–244.2 U/mL) for second dose responders, and 0 U/mL (IQR, 0–0 U/mL) for non-responders - - - - -
30. Stumpf
 SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG- or IgA-antibody reactions (Euroimmun) against the Spike protein subunit S1 3–4 weeks after the first dose, 4–5 weeks after the second dose 11/144 53/55 NA NA 140/333
132/134 NA NA - - - -
31. Zadok
 Anti-spike IgG (S-IgG) antibodies 21–26 days and 35–40 days after the first dose 6/39 - NA - 18/37 - NA - - - - -
32. Schramm
SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant assay (Abbott) which was used for the quantitative measurement of IgG antibodies against the spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) 21 days after the first and the second dose 2/50
49/50 NA Median 82 (41;149) BAU/ml 5/50 50/50 NA median 1417 (732; 2589) BAU/ml - - - -
33. Werbel
 EUROIMMUN anti-S1 IgG assay or Roche Elecsys anti-RBD pan-Ig assay Median 9 days (IQR 2–33) before the third dose, Median 14 days (IQR 14–17 days) after the third dose - - - - 6/30
- EUROIMMUN median 0.15 AU, Roche median 0.4 U/mL
- 14/30 (BNT162b2 2/5, mRNA-1273 7/10, Ad26.COV2.S: 5/15) - EUROIMMUN median 0.37 AU, Roche median NA -
34. Hall
 Roche Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2 S enzyme immunoassay 1 month after third vaccination - - - - 12/120
(Third dose: 7/60
Placebo third dose: 5/60)		 - Third dose: Median 0.37 U/mL (IQR 0.2 – 27.64)
Placebo: Median 0.44 U/mL (IQR 0.2 – 18.19)		 - Third dose: 33/60
(Placebo third dose: 10/57)		 - Third dose: Mean: 3145 U/mL (SD 7517), Median: 313.8 U/ML (IQR 0.2–2191)Placebo: Mean: 86 U/mL (SD 231), Median: 1.19 U/mL (IQR 0.2–63.4) -
35. Karaba
 Meso Scale Diagnostics (MSD) V-PLEX COVID-19 155 Respiratory Panel 3 multiplex chemiluminescent kit 14 days after third vaccination - - - - 12/31
(Anti-RBD IgG: 12/31,
Anti-S IgG: 8/31, Anti-N IgG: 0/31)		 15/15 NA NA 24/31 (Anti-RBD IgG: 24/31,
Anti-S IgG: 22/31 (mRNA: 16/19
Ad26.COV2.S: 6/12))		 - NA -
36. Peled 2
 An "in-house" enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that detects IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 RBD.
 
A SARS-CoV-2 pseudo-virus (psSARS-2) neutralization assay was performed to detect SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies using a propagation-competent VSV-spike		 Mean 17.5 days (SD 3.9) after third vaccination - - - - 26/96 (May overlap with previous Peled 1 study) - IgG GMT: 0.49 (95% CI 0.39–0.62)
Neutralizing antibody GMT: 3.05 (95% CI, 2.05–4.55)		 - 64/96 - IgG GMT: 1.58 (95% CI 1.24–2.00)Neutralizing antibody GMT: 27.25 (95% CI, 15.70–47.30) -
37. Benotmane
 Abbott ARCHITECT IgG II Quant test Median 28 days (IQR 27–33) after third vaccination - - - - 0/159 (95 pts had no antibody response, 64 pts had an antibody response below the seropositivity threshold of 50 AU/mL) - <50 AU/mL - 78/159 - Responder median: 586 AU/mL (IQR 197.2–1920.1)Non-responder median: <50 AU/mL -
38. Masset
 Abbott Architect chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay, Siemens Atellica chemiluminescence immunoassay, Roche Elecsys electrochemiluminescence immunoassay Median 30 days (IQR 28–32) - - - - 227/456
(Assessed after second and third dose: 34/85)		 - NA - 94/136 - NA -
39. Del Bello
 Beijing Wantai enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (228, 57.6%) or other anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike assay (168, 42.4%) 4 weeks after third vaccination - - - - 164/396 - NA - 269/396 - NA -
40. Charmetant
 Snibe Diagnostic Maglumi SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD IgG test on a Maglumi 2000 analyser 14 days after third vaccination - - - - 27/93
- <142 BAU/mL - 28/66 (All 66 had no response after two doses) - NA -
41. Chavarot 2
 Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant antibody test Median 28 (IQR 28–33) days after third vaccination - - - - 0/62 - <50 AU/mL - 4/62 - Median 209 AU/mL (IQR 20–409 AU/ml) -
42. Westhoff
 Roche Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2 S enzyme immunoassay 14 days after third vaccination 0/10 - <0.8 U/mL - 0/10 - <0.8 U/mL - 6/10 - Responder median 542 U/mL (IQR 478–923) -
43. Massa
 Abbott ELISA on the Abbott Architect I1000 analyser 28 days after third vaccination - - - - 27/61 - GMT IgG: 528.3 AU/mL (95% CI 300.0–930.1) - 38/61 - GMT IgG: 2395 AU/mL (95% CI 1214–4724) -
44. Schrezenmeier
 Euroimmun ELISA-based analysis of SARS-CoV2 spike S1 domain-specific IgG and IgA 7 ± 2 days after the second and third vaccination, and 19–27 days after each vaccination 0/25 - NA - 0/25 - NA - 9/25 (BNT162b2: 3/14,
AZD1222: 6/11)		 - NA -

HCW, health care worker; ATG, anti-thymocyte globulin; MMF, mycophenolate mofetil; MPA, mycophenolic acid; mTOR, mechanistic target of rapamycin; CNI, calcineurin inhibitor; ESRD, end stage renal disease; AU, arbitrary units; GMT, geometric mean titer; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunoassay; IQR, interquartile range; NA, not available.