Table 1.
The clinical applications of TNC in gliomas.
| Categories | Compound | Application | Result | Clinical trial | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marker | TNC | Glioblastoma | Prognosis | — | (71, 201) |
| TNC | Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma | Prognosis | — | (202) | |
| TNC | Integrated TNC expression and 1q25 status | Prognosis | — | (203) | |
| TNC | Glioma stem cells | Biomarker | — | (201) | |
| Antibody | IL2-F16 (targeting TNC-A1) | Combined with temozolomide | Complete remission | Preclinical | (204) |
| G11 (targeting TNC-C) | — | Tumor targeting | Preclinical | (205) | |
| IL12-R6N (targeting TNC-D) | — | Cancer regression | Preclinical | (206) | |
| Peptide | PL1 (targeting FN-EDB and TNC-C) + pro-apoptotic payload | Every other day for 10 total injections | Reduced tumor growth and increased survival | Preclinical | (207) |
| PL3 (targeting TNC-C and neuropilin-1) + pro-apoptotic payload | Every other day for 10 total injections | Improved survival | Preclinical | (208) | |
| Ft peptide (targeting TNC and neuropilin-1) + paclitaxel | Intravenously administered every 2 weeks for 3 times | Improved survival | Preclinical | (209) | |
| Radiolabeled antibodies | Radiolabeled anti-TNC monoclonal antibodies such as 131I-81C6 | Radiotherapy after resection followed by chemotherapy (temozolomide, lomustine, irinotecan, etoposide) | Low toxicity and prolonged survival | Phase I/II | (210–212) |
| Aptamer | GBI-10 | GBI-10-modified adenovirus | Improved the adenoviral transduction efficiency | Preclinical | (213, 214) |
| Vaccine | IMA950 (A multi-peptide vaccine IMA950 targeting TNC) | Injections of IMA950/adjuvant poly-ICLC after surgical resection followed by chemoradiotherapy and temozolomide | Improved survival | Phase I/II | (215) |
| RNA interference | ATN-RNA (anti TNC dsRNA) | Injection into the brain after resection | Improved survival | Patients | (216–218) |
TNC, Tenascin C; TNC-A1, Tenascin C with extradomain A1; TNC-C, Tenascin C with extradomain C; TNC-D, Tenascin C with extradomain D; FN-EDB, Fibronectin with extradomain B; ds, double-stranded; IL, Interleukin; Ref, References.