Figure 23.

CIET mechanism for ion intercalation in redox-active solid electrodes. (a) Curved Tafel plots consistent with Marcus–Hush–Chidsey theory, indicating electron transfer limitation in LiFePO₄. (b) Sketch of lithium ion transfer (IT) coupled to electron transfer (ET) from the carbon coating to the nearest iron redox site. (c) Excess chemical potential landscape for CIET, combining the classical ion transfer coordinate with the solvent reorganization coordinate for quantum mechanical electron transfer. (a,b) Adapted with permission from ref (909). Copyright 2014 Nature Research. (c) Adapted with permission from ref (914). Copyright 2021 Elsevier.