Figure 7.

Established nondestructive, nonelectrosorptive methods of water purification. (a) Electrocoagulation and electroflocculation is a two-step process by which metal anodes are dissolved to induce formation of flocs that trap contaminants for removal by settling, sedimentation, precipitation, or flotation. (b) Electroflotation produces bubbles by water redox to transport lighter contaminants or flocs by flotation. (c) Electrodeposition is based on the electrochemical deposition of metal ions in solution onto an electrode.