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. 2022 Aug 22;21:175–193. doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.08.001

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© 2022 The Authors

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Fig. 8 — Hydrogel system-based mandibular reconstruction by 3D bioprinting. (A) Multiple-components 3D bioprinting used to generate ‘Print-and-Implant’ scaffold for bone repair (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc., Ref [238]). (B) CAD file of the jawbone model. (C) (Left) Microscopic images of the prints on day 0 and after 28 days of cultivation. (Right) Immunohistochemical staining of CD31 in the bioprinted human jawbone models in vitro, the surface of the constructs is marked with white dotted lines. (B-C, Copyright © 2022 Springer Nature Limited, Ref [235]). (D) 3D Printed silicone–hydrogel interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) with biomolecules delivering and cell fate directing (Copyright © 2022 American Chemical Society, Ref [239]).