Table 4.
3D bioprinted constructs used for mandibular regeneration.
| Type of constructs | Models | Outcome | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| HAp/epoxide acrylate maleic artificial implants | Patients with craniomaxillofacial bone defects | Enhanced aesthetic results and functional recovery | [240] |
| 3D bioprinted PEKK scaffolds combined with ADSCs | Rabbit mandibular defects | Enhanced integration and bone formation | [103] |
| PCL/CS hydrogel with HAp coating custom scaffolds with orthogonal interconnected channels | In vitro | Well mimicking human mandibular condyle | [241] |
| 3D bioprinted bone constructs of PCL/HA and SVF-derived cell (SVFC)-laden hydrogel bioink | In vitro | Successfully microvessel formation in vitro and in vivo. Great promising applications for craniofacial bone defects | [242] |
| 3D bioprinted PCL/TCP scaffolds combined hAFSCs-laden hydrogel with a Pluronic F127 temporary support | In vitro | Successful fabrication of mandible, calvarial bone, cartilage, and skeletal muscle | [237] |
| 3D bioprinted Multicellular (osteoblasts and endothelial cells) GelMA/PEGDA scaffold | In vitro | Successful biofabrication of a human jawbone model | [235] |
| 3D bioprinted PCL/hydrogel scaffold with RVS and SrRn sustained releasing | Rat mandibular defects | Enhanced mandibular bone formation after 8-week implantation | [236] |