Table 2.

List of molecular diagnostic methods of PRV infection.

Name of Diagnostic Assay	Sensitivity	Target Gene	Turnaround Time	Samples Used	References
Conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR)	——	gE gene	Result in <5 h	Various tissue	[119,121]
Duplex droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assary	4.75 copies/µL	Both gE and gB genes	Result in <2 h	Lung, brain, liver and spleen	[124]
SYBR green I-based duplex real-time PCR assay	37.8 copies/μL	gE gene	Result within 50 min	Hearts, livers, spleens, lungs, kidneys, brains and lymph nodes	[118]
Real-time recombinase-aided amplification assay (RAA)	Three 50% TCID50	gE gene	Result in 75 min	Lung, lymph node, tonsil and spleen	[125]
Triplex real-time PCR	0.5 TCID50 for classical strains, 0.2 TCID50 for variant strains and 0.05 TCID50 for vaccine strains	gE and gI genes	Result within 1 h	PRV strains	[127]
Probe-based fluorescence melting curve analysis (FMCA)	1 × 100 copies per reaction	gC and gE genes	Result in <2 h	PRV strains	[120]
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay	10 copies per sample	gE and gG genes	Result in <2 h	PRV strains and clinical tissue samples	[122]
Duplex nanoparticle-assisted polymerase chain reaction (nanoPCR)	6 copies/μL	gE gene	Result in 80 min	The recombinant plasmids pET30a-PRV-gE and pUC57-PBoVNS1	[128]
Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR)	Oral fluid of 53% and nasal swab of 70%	gB gene	Result in <1 h	Oral fluid and nasal swab	[129]
Metagenomic next-and third-generation sequencing (mNGS/TGS)	——	Short- and long-read sequencing	——	Brains	[137]
Real-time fluorescent detection (real-time RPA assay)	100 copies per reaction	gD gene	Result within 20 min	Tissue	[130]
Lateral flow dipstick (RPA LFD assay)	160 copies per reaction	gD gene	Result within 20 min	Tissue	[130]
Magnetic beads-based chemiluminescent assay	100 μmol/5 pM	——	Result in 20 min	Serum samples	[131]