Table 4.
Overview of compounds with anti-PRV infection activity.
| Source | Mechanism | 50% Effective Concentration | 50% Cytotoxic Concentration | PRV Strain | In Vitro | In Vivo | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Resveratrol (Res) | The inhibition of viral proliferation, IκB kinase activation | 17.17 ± 0.35 μM | Above 262.87 μM | Rong A strain | Yes | Yes | [142,209,211] |
| Kaempferol | The inhibition of viral proliferation | 25.57 μM of 50% inhibited concentration | No mention | Ra strain | Yes | Yes | [213] |
| Panax notoginseng polysaccharides | The inhibition of viral adsorption and replication | No mention | No mention | PRV XJ5 strain | Yes | No | [214] |
| Germacrone | The inhibition of viral proliferation | 54.51 μM for Vero cells and 88.78 μM for LLC-PK-1 cells | 233.5 μM for Vero cells and 184.1 μM for LLC-PK-1 cells | Variant PRV and PRV vaccine strain Barth K61 | Yes | No | [206] |
| Plantago | The inhibition of viral attachment and penetration; decreasing ROS (reactive oxygen species) production | No mention | No mention | PRV XJ5 | Yes | No | [215] |
| Quercetin | The inhibition of viral adsorption | 2.618 ± 0.673 μM of 50% inhibited concentration | Above 599 μM | HNX strain | Yes | Yes | [216] |
| Isatis indigotica | The inhibition of viral proliferation | 11 μg/mL | 299 μg/mL | TNL strain | Yes | No | [217] |
| Radix isatidis | The inhibition of viral proliferation; killing virus directly | The inhibition rate of viral replication by 14.674–30.84% | No mention | Min A strain | Yes | No | [207] |
| Marine Bacillus
S-12–86 lysozyme |
The inhibition of viral proliferation; killing virus directly | 0.46 mg/L | 100 mg/L | Min A strain | Yes | No | [218] |
| Diammonium glycyrrhizin | Killing virus directly | No mention | Above 1250 μg/mL | Bartha K-61 | Yes | No | [219] |
| Vanadium-substituted Heteropolytungstate | Killing virus directly | 3.5–5.0 mg/L | 400–420 mg/L | Bartha strain | Yes | No | [220] |
| Graphene Oxide | Killing virus directly | No mention | No mention | HNX strain | Yes | No | [223] |
| Ivermectin | The inhibition of viral DNA polymerase UL42 in entering the nucleus | No mention | No mention | No mention | Yes | Yes | [208] |
| Phosphonoformate sodium | Inhibition of viral DNA polymerase | Nearly 60 μg/mL of 50% inhibited concentration | No mention | Kaplan | Yes | No | [221] |