Table 3.
Mediation analysis of the effect of changes in dietary intake and physical activity over time on the changes of BMI at 1-year follow-up in both urban and rural subjects.
| Model † | Urban | Rural | Pint | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimate (95%CI) | p Values | % Changes †† | Indirect Effect # (95%CI) |
Estimate (95%CI) | p Values | % Changes †† | Indirect Effect # (95%CI) |
||
| Adjusted for age and sex | 0.69 (0.43, 0.95) | <0.001 | 1.23 (0.94; 1.52) | <0.001 | 0.007 | ||||
| Model with changes in dietary intake | |||||||||
| (+) Total calories intake | 0.55 (0.28; 0.28) | <0.001 | −20.3 | −0.13 (−0.33; −0.02) |
1.02 (0.71; 1.32) | <0.001 | −17.1 | −0.15 (−0.52; −0.04) |
0.02 |
| (+) Carbohydrate intake | 0.68 (0.42; 0.93) | <0.001 | −1.4 | −0.01 (−0.12; 0.03) |
1.14 (0.85; 1.43) | <0.001 | −7.3 | −0.09 (−0.34; 0.01) |
0.02 |
| (+) Fat intake | 0.49 (0.20; 0.78) | <0.001 | −29.0 | −0.20 (−0.47; −0.04) |
0.99 (0.67; 1.31) | <0.001 | −19.5 | −0.24 (−0.54; −0.06) |
0.01 |
| (+) Protein intake | 0.65 (0.38; 0.93) | <0.001 | −5.8 | −0.04 (−0.22; 0.08) |
1.12 (0.78; 1.45) | <0.001 | −8.9 | −0.11 (−0.43; 0.14) |
0.02 |
| (+) Fat and protein intake | 0.50 (0.21; 0.79) | <0.001 | −27.5 | −0.19 (−0.48; 0.02) |
1.04 (0.70; 1.37) | <0.001 | −15.4 | −0.19 (−0.53; 0.05) |
0.007 |
| Model with changes in physical activity | |||||||||
| (+) Total volume of MVPA | 0.68 (0.42; 0.95) | <0.001 | −1.4 | −0.01 (−0.14; 0.05) |
1.23 (0.94; 1.52) | <0.001 | 0.0 | 0.0 (−0.10; 0.04) |
0.007 |
| (+) Total minutes of MVPA | 0.68 (0.42; 0.95) | <0.001 | −1.4 | −0.01 (−0.15; 0.06) |
1.23 (0.94; 1.52) | <0.001 | 0.0 | 0.0 (−0.10; 0.05) |
0.007 |
| (+) Total sedentary time | 0.70 (0.44; 0.96) | <0.001 | 1.4 | 0.01 (−0.03; 0.10) |
1.26 (0.94; 1.58) | <0.001 | 2.4 | 0.03 (−0.11; 0.22) |
0.007 |
| Model with changes in dietary intake and physical activity | |||||||||
| (+) Fat and protein intake and total volume of MVPA | 0.48 (0.19; 0.78) | 0.001 | −30.4 | −0.21 (−0.50; −0.01) |
1.10 (0.75; 1.44) | <0.001 | −10.6 | −0.13 (−0.49; 0.15) |
0.003 |
| (+) Fat and protein intake and total minutes of MVPA | 0.49 (0.19; 0.78) | 0.001 | −29.0 | −0.20 (−0.51; −0.01) |
1.09 (0.75; 1.44) | <0.001 | −11.4 | −0.14 (−0.52; 0.14) |
0.003 |
| (+) Fat and protein intake and total sedentary time | 0.51 (0.22; 0.80) | <0.001 | −26.1 | −0.18 (−0.47; 0.001) |
1.15 (0.79; 1.50) | <0.001 | −6.5 | −0.08 (−0.47; 0.21) |
0.002 |
† All variables as an additional adjustment for age and sex, and all analyses were performed using linear-mixed model. The group of covariates used for model adjustment were shown in bold. †† Proportion of changes in the estimate of the model compared to the model adjusted for age and sex only. # Indirect effect of covariate(s) on BMI, obtained by performing bootstrapping with 5000 iterations and presented as its 95% confidence interval. BMI: body mass index; MVPA: moderate-vigorous physical activity; Pint: p-value for interaction.