Table 2.

PROBAST Results

Study	ROB				Applicability			Overall
	Participants Predictors Outcome Analysis				Participants Predictors Outcome			ROB Applicability
Watanabe et al. [20]	+	+	?	+	+	+	+	?	+
Tipper et al. [28]	+	+	?	+	+	+	?	?	?
Cheng et al. [15]	+	+	?	+	+	+	+	?	+
Chang et al. [16]	+	+	?	+	+	+	?	?	?
Tomov et al. [22]	+	+	+	+	+	+	?	+	?
De Luna et al. [13]	+	+	+	+	+	+	?	+	?
Fei et al. [14]	?	+	+	+	+	+	?	?	?
Yamada et al. [24]	+	?	?	+	+	?	?	-	?
Lemans et al. [26]	+	+	+	+	+	+	?	+	?
Onishi et al. [27]	?	+	+	+	+	+	+	?	+
Sigari et al. [17]	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Savitz et al. [18]	+	+	?	+	+	?	?	?	-
Mastronardi [19]	+	?	-	+	+	+	-	-	-
van Herwijnen [23]	+	?	+	+	+	+	+	?	+
Karaarslan [25]	-	+	+	+	+	+	?	-	?
Chen et al. [29]	+	+	+	+	+	+	?	+	?
Kaliaperumal [21]	+	+	?	+	+	+	?	?	?
Carballo Cuello et al. [30]	+	?	?	+	+	+	+	?	+

PROBAST Prediction model Risk Of Bias Assessment tool, ROB Risk of bias

 + indicates low ROB/low concern regarding applicability;

- indicates high ROB/high concern regarding applicability;

? indicates unclear ROB/unclear concern regarding applicability