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. 2022 Aug 26;10:136. doi: 10.1186/s40168-022-01327-7

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — Differences in the resistome identified through RGI bwt in infants at visit 1. Reads were mapped to CARD using bowtie2, and antibiotic resistance genes with at least 100 reads were reported. The data presented is from the full set of preterm and full-term infants and at visit 1. A) Unique and overlapping ARGs identified in each infant group. The number of infant samples included in each is shown next to the sample type. B) The number of unique ARGs identified in each infant. Significant differences are denoted by a line and asterisk(s) above the groups that were compared (P = 0.0047 for NS vs PS, P = 0.0262 for PS vs FT). C) A breakdown of the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance identified in each infant group. The number of infant samples included in each is shown next to the sample type. D) The presence or absence of selected AMR gene families in each infant group. A teal box indicates that at least one gene from that AMR gene family was identified in any of the infant samples (NS = not supplemented preterm, PS = probiotic-supplemented preterm, and FT = full-term infants)