Figure 2.

Venom proteomes of Naja sumatrana profiled using C18 RP-HPLC followed by tandem mass spectrometry for specimens from various geographical locales: (A) Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia (Ns-NS), (B) Penang, Malaysia (Ns-PG), (C) Southern Thailand (Ns-TH), and (D) Sumatra, Indonesia (Ns-SU). Abbreviation: 3FTx, three-finger toxin; PLA₂, phospholipase A₂; vNGF, venom nerve growth factor; KSPI, Kunitz-type serine protease; SVMP, snake venom metalloproteinase; CVF, cobra venom factor; PDE, phosphodiesterase; CRiSP, cysteine-rich secretory protein; LAAO, L-amino acid oxidase; SVSP, snake venom serine protease; HYA, Hyaluronidase; AChE, acetylcholinesterase; and 5′NUC, 5′nucleotidase. Bar graphs represent the sub-proteome of three-finger toxins in the venoms. Insets: Images of N. sumatrana with adaptations: A, www.reptilefact.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Equatorial-Spitting-Cobras.jpg, accessed on 21 July 2022; B, author CHT; C, Joel Sartore; D, Gernot Vogel (www.reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species?genus=Naja&species=sumatrana, accessed on 21 July 2022).